Anthro - Exam 2

Front 1

2 Factors that make a hominid

Back 1

1. Loss of CP3 complex

2. Bipedalism

Front 2

The 1st Hominid? How long ago and defining factor?

Back 2

Sahelanthropus tchadensis ; 7 MYA ; A forward position of the foramen magnum

Front 3

What is australopithecine? Characteristics & Nickname

Back 3

"Southern Ape" ; small brained bipedal ; cranial capacity = 500cm3

Front 4

Define the genus "homo"

Back 4

- 20% > Australopithecine

- parabolic arcade

Front 5

The 2 "gracile" astralopithecus species?

Back 5

- afarensis

- africanus

Front 6

Astralopithecus afarensis: nickname, height, dental arcade, cranial capacity

Back 6

Lucy ; 3 1/2 MYA & ft tall ; V dental arcade ; 404cm3

Front 7

Australopithecus species?

Back 7

1. garhi

2. aethiopicus

3. boisei

4. robustus

Front 8

Who probably made Oldowan tools?

Back 8

Homo habilus

Front 9

Homo habilus nickname?

Back 9

Handy man b/c of precision grip

Front 10

Homo erectus = cranial capacity & 4 facts

Back 10

1. 900cm3

2. 1st hunter/gatherer

3. 1st to leave Africa

4. 1st well developed tool user

5. FIRE!

Front 11

Who is credited with Mousterian tools?

Back 11

Neanderthals

Front 12

Ritual burial site for Neanderthals?

Back 12

Shanadar Cave

Front 13

Homo floresiensis nickname?

Back 13

Hobbits

Front 14

Homo sapiens sapiens--3 main facts

Back 14

1. Appear 200,000 YA

2. At same time, huge cultural explosion and change in anatomy

3. Make a living by hunting and gathering until 10,000 YA

Front 15

Natural selection selects for dark skin in tropics to....?

Back 15

protect folate levels(UV drains folate) and prevent hypervitaminosis D

Front 16

Natural selections selects for light skin away from equator to....?

Back 16

prevent ricketts (too little Vitamin D)

Front 17

Hypodescent laws in Native Americans

Back 17

blood quantum laws (EX Must be 1/2 choctaw to be a member of Band of Choctaw Indians)

Front 18

Hypodescent laws in Hispanics

Back 18

they can choose what to label themselves

Front 19

Hypodescent laws in African Americans

Back 19

one drop rule - mixed race = African American; even one remote black ancestor makes you black

Front 20

What are the 3 races in Japan?

Back 20

1. Ainu (indigenous ppl from Japan)

2. Koreans

3. Burakumin (lower caste from Samuri days)

Front 21

Race in Brazil?

Back 21

Fluid, have over 500 different races even though they started with same 3 basic races as US, "money lightens"

Front 22

___ had to gather more species when foraging due to decrease in big game available, rise in sea level, etc possibly due to climate change

Back 22

Broad Spectrum Revolution

Front 23

Neolithic Revolution literally means

Back 23

new stone age

Front 24

Due to Broad Spectrum Revolution, people become ________ which caused a ________

Back 24

sedentary; population increase/population pressure

Front 25

Where did this all start (BSR)?

Back 25

Hilly Flank region

Front 26

Domestication only happened ____ times independently in history; ___ NW, ____OW

Back 26

7; 3, 4

Front 27

the domestication of plants and animals is called______________

Back 27

Neolithic Revolution

Front 28

What are "Three Sisters" and where were they used?

Back 28

Corn, beans, squash in MesoAmerica

Front 29

What was the original "affluent society"?

Back 29

Bushmen of Kalahari

Front 30

_____were the first to leave writing ; was called _________

Back 30

Sumerians ;

Front 31

Paleo Indians are famous for ?

Back 31

Clovis point (on end of spear)

Front 32

Which groups had bilateral kinship?

Back 32

Bands & States

Front 33

Which groups had unilateral kinship?

Back 33

Tribes & Chiefdom

Front 34

What made horticulture successful?

Back 34

Fallow periods -- resting of sections of soil while using others to let it replenish; also used slash and burn to put stuff back into soil

Front 35

What made pastorilism successful?

Back 35

symbiosis -- the cow and person are 1 basically...continually looking after one another and using all of an animal.

Front 36

Which groups had more than reciprocity?

Back 36

Chiefdoms (redistribution) and State (Redistribution and markets)

Front 37

Whats key to success of bands?

Back 37

nomads