Anthro Exam 2

Front 1

Altruistic behavior

Back 1

Behavior that benefits others while being a disadvantage to them self

Front 2

Angiosperm radiation hypothesis

Back 2

Certain primate traits occurred in response to the availability of fruit and flowers following the spread of angiosperms

Front 3

Arboreal hypothesis

Back 3

Primates' unique suite of traits is an adaptation to living in trees

Front 4

Visual predation hypothesis

Back 4

primate traits arose as adaptations to preying on insects and on small animals

Front 5

Plesiadapiforms

Back 5

Paleocene organisms that may have been the first primates, originating from an adaptive radiator of mammals

Front 6

Basal Anthropoid

Back 6

Eocene primates that are the earliest anthropoid

Front 7

Euprimates

Back 7

First true primates from the Eocene: the tarsier like omomyids and lemur like adapids

Front 8

Arboreal adaptation

Back 8

Suite of physical traits that enable an organism to live in trees

Front 9

Dietary plasticity

Back 9

A diet's flexibility in adapting to a given evironment

Front 10

Phylogeny

Back 10

The evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms

Front 11

Grooming

Back 11

Ensures proper hygiene,social bonds,resolve conflicts, and reinforce social structures

Front 12

Prehensile tail

Back 12

A tail that acts as a kind of a hand for support in trees, common in new world monkeys

Front 13

Taphonomy

Back 13

Study of the deposition of plant or animal remains and the environmental conditions affecting their preservation

Front 14

Vocalization

Back 14

Can indicate a callers emotional state and convey info about the world around the caller

Front 15

Y-5 molar

Back 15

Hominids' pattern of lower molar cusps

Front 16

Rhinarium

Back 16

Naked surface around the nostrils typically wet in mammals

Front 17

Sexual dimorphism

Back 17

Difference in a physical attribute between the males and females of a species

Front 18

Anthropoids

Back 18

Ancestors of primates

Front 19

Nicolaus Steno

Back 19

A Dane serving as the court physician, laid the foundation for relative dating and law of superposition

Front 20

Molar types

Back 20

High pointed cusps: crushing insects

Crests: shearing leaves

Low round cusps: crushing and pulping for eating fruits and seeds

Front 21

Parental investment

Back 21

Primates care for their offspring, providing them with food, and teaching them social roles and social behavior that's why a single birth is spaced out over time

Front 22

Human teeth vs apes

Back 22

Ape teeth have a diastema= gap between two teeth for canines

Front 23

Old world monkey molar morphology

Back 23

Bilophodont molar pattern= 4 cusps upper and lower molars connected by a loph

Front 24

Catarrhine nostrils

Back 24

Close together and point downward

Front 25

How is climate history determined

Back 25

Study of impacts on biology and geologic chemistry. Best info on climate history is based on foraminifera and other ocean dwelling micro organisms

Hint 25

What is the best info on climate history based on?

Front 26

Half life

Back 26

The time it takes for half of the radio isotopes in a substance to decay

Front 27

Enhanced vision

Back 27

1 is forward facing eyes causing the two fields of vision to overlap

2 color vision

Front 28

Lemurs location

Back 28

Although native to Madagascar some lemurs live in St. Catherines Island

Front 29

Foramen Magnum in back of skull

Back 29

Quadruped's pelvis is long and directed to the back of the body. The medium and minimus gluteal muscles act as thigh straighteners or extensors

Front 30

Catarrhine dentition

Back 30

2.1.2.3

Front 31

Primate brain size

Back 31

Most primates have a larger brain relative to body size

Front 32

Strepsirhine incisor type

Back 32

Lower incisors and canines are elongated, crowded together, and projected forward.

Front 33

Suborders for primate classification

Back 33

1 Strepsirhini= lemurs and etc.

2 Haplorhini= monkeys, apes, humans, and tarsiers

Front 34

Female social ranking

Back 34

Ranks are past from mother to daughter and younger sisters usually rank higher. Higher ranks can aquire more resources and more offspring.

Front 35

William Smith

Back 35

Developed stratigraphic correlation= process of matching up strata from several sites through the analysis of chemical, physical, and other properties.

Front 36

Dating method to be used with igneous rock

Back 36

Radiopotassium dating

Front 37

Relative and absolute dating

Back 37

Relative= relating to another event to determine date without specification.

Absolute= pin point dates of events

Front 38

Chimps and humans split

Back 38

According to molecular dating we split 4-7 mya

Front 39

Orangutan ancestor

Back 39

Old world monkeys

Front 40

Miocene vs modern apes

Back 40

Modern apes have specialized diets; larger brain and reduced chewing complex

Front 41

Apes extinction in Europe

Back 41

Europe changed to cooler, dryer mixed woodlands and grasslands caused tropical foods to disappear.

Front 42

Old world monkeys diverged

Back 42

1st diverged from all other primates about 25 mya

Front 43

Diastema

Back 43

A space between the canine and the 1st premolar