Anthro Exam 2

Front 1

sexual dimorphism:

Back 1

universal differences in size and strength between males and females

Front 2

gender division of labor

Back 2

types of work typically performed by males or females

Front 3

compatibility-with-child-care theory

Back 3

an explanation for the gender division of labor that suggests that women’s work will typically involve tasks that do not take women far from home for long periods, do not place children in potential danger if they are taken along, or can be stopped and resumed if an infant needs care

Front 4

economy-of-effort theory

Back 4

an explanation for the gender division of labor that
suggests that it may be advantageous for a gender to do tasks that follow in a production sequence...or that are located near each other

Front 5

expendability theory

Back 5

an explanation for the gender division of labor that
suggests that men...will tend to do the dangerous work in a society because the loss of men is less disadvantageous reproductively than the loss of women

Front 6

primary subsistence activities

Back 6

food-getting activities

Front 7

secondary subsistence activities

Back 7

those that involve the preparation and
processing of food

Front 8

incest taboo

Back 8

prohibition of sexual intercourse or marriage between mother and
son, father and daughter, and brother and sister

Front 9

inbreeding theory

Back 9

all human societies have recognized that interbreeding of close relatives can express harmful recessives in the offspring and have therefore banned such matings

Front 10

consanguinity

Back 10

culturally defined blood relationship

Front 11

affinity

Back 11

culturally defined relationship by marriage

Front 12

descent group

Back 12

a group of people who claim descent from a common ancestor

Front 13

matrilineal descent

Back 13

affiliates an individual with kin of both sexes related to him or her through female ancestors only

Front 14

matrilocal residence

Back 14

at marriage, the couple moves to live with or near the wife’s parents

Front 15

avunculocal residence

Back 15

at marriage, the couple moves to live with or near the husband’s mother’s brother

Front 16

patrilineal descent

Back 16

affiliates an individual with kin of both sexes related to him or her through male ancestors only

Front 17

patrilocal residence

Back 17

at marriage, the couple moves to live with or near the husband’s parents

Front 18

bridewealth

Back 18

substantial transfer of goods or money to the bride’s kin by the groom or his kin at or before the marriage

Front 19

polygyny

Back 19

marriage of one man to more than one woman at a time

Front 20

lineage

Back 20

set of kin whose members trace descent from a common ancestor
through known links

Front 21

clan

Back 21

set of kin whose members believe themselves to be descended from a
common ancestor or ancestress but cannot specify the links back to that founder

Front 22

phratry

Back 22

a unilineal descent group composed of a number of supposedly related
clans

Front 23

moiety

Back 23

a unilineal descent group in a society that is divided into two such
maximal groups

Front 24

bilateral descent:

Back 24

type of kinship system in which individuals affiliate more or
less equally with their mother’s and father’s relatives

Front 25

kindred

Back 25

bilateral set of close relatives

Front 26

bilocal residence:

Back 26

at marriage, the couple moves to live with or near either the
husband’s parents or the wife’s parents

Front 27

neolocal residence:

Back 27

at marriage, the couple lives separately, and usually at
some distance, from the kin of both spouses

Front 28

marriage

Back 28

a socially approved, relatively permanent sexual and economic union, usually between a man and a woman

Front 29

exogamy

Back 29

the rule specifying marriage to a person from outside one’s own kin
or community group; the culture defines the group

Front 30

endogamy

Back 30

the rule specifying marriage to a person within one’s own kin, caste,
or community group; the culture defines the group

Front 31

monogamy

Back 31

marriage between only one man and only one woman at a time

Front 32

polygamy

Back 32

plural marriage; marriage to more than one spouse simultaneously

Front 33

polygyny

Back 33

marriage of one man to more than one woman at a time

Front 34

sororal polygyny:

Back 34

marriage of a man to two or more sisters at the same time

Front 35

polyandry

Back 35

marriage of one woman to more than one man at a time

Front 36

fraternal polyandry:

Back 36

the marriage of a woman to two or more brothers at the
same time

Front 37

group marriage:

Back 37

marriage in which more than one man is married to more than
one woman at the same time; not customary in any known human society

Front 38

bride service

Back 38

work performed by the groom for his bride’s family for a varying
length of time either before or after the marriage

Front 39

dowry

Back 39

substantial transfer of goods or money from the bride’s family to the
bride or to the groom’s family

Front 40

levirate

Back 40

custom whereby a man is obliged to marry his brother’s widow

Front 41

sororate

Back 41

custom whereby a woman is obliged to marry her deceased sister’s
husband

Front 42

joint family:

Back 42

an extended family household whose core is two or more siblings,
plus their spouses and children

Front 43

Strength Theory

Back 43

an explanation for the gender division of labor suggesting that
men’s work typically involves tasks...requiring greater strength and greater aerobic work capacity