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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anthropology |
Study of humanity (humankind) |
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Enthology |
The systematic comparison of cultures around the globe in order to answer particular questions and produce useful questions and generalizations about humankind and human behavior. |
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Enthography |
Entails the systematic description of particular people/culture through fieldwork |
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Physical Anthropology |
The study of humanity as a biological phenomena - study monkey, blood types, fossils |
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Linguistic Anthropology |
Is the study of a great variety of languages spoken by human beings. Concerned with how language shaped evolution of homo sapiens |
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Archaeology |
Examine the material remains of past cultures left behind on or below the surface of the earth. - Two types: Prehistoric and Historic (where there is written record but wasn't complete) |
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Cultural Anthropology |
The study of the social, symbolic, and material lives of existing or recently extant human societies |
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Why is Anthropology different from other ways people understand themselves? |
Its based off fieldwork and participant observation to make conclusions |
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Culture |
That complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by humans as a member of society |
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5,000 Spoken Languages |
How many spoken languages are there in the world today? |
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Participant Observation |
Living in another culture and studying it from direct observation or interviewing
- it was created in the 20th century |
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Phoneme |
the smallest sound contrast that serves to distinguish meaning - do not convey meaning in and of themselves Ex. (t), (r) , (a) |
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Who gave us the original definition of culture? |
Edward Tylor |
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Features of Culture |
1.) It is learned 2.) It is shared 3.) It is integrated 4.) It is adaptive |
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Enculturation |
the process where an individual acquires his/her culture when growing up |
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Adaptation |
Adjustment to the environment
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Post Partum Sexual Taboo |
The amount of time a women must wait in order to have intercourse between child births - In the subtropic regions |
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Why may culture be adaptive in the short run, but maladaptive in the long? |
People in some cultures make decision to help them in the short run, but will harm them in the long run.
Ex. Like the reliance on oil, helpful to humans now but it will be tragic when we run out |
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What criteria must be met by all anthropological explanations or generalizations about human behavior? |
- must apply to many places and many times
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Cultural Universals |
What societies have in common all over the world
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What does Cultural Universals Imply? |
It demonstrates our biological affinities to one another or a similarity of characteristics suggesting a relationship between humans
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biological determinism
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The view holds that the cultural differences have biological bases, groups of people that differ in how they think, act, feel because they differ in innate biological makeup. - racism |
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Language
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A symbolic system of sounds that, when put together according to certain rules, conveys meaning to its speakers
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Closed System |
Rigid and genetically fixed where they cannot combine two elements of communication to create a new one
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Open System |
Take two meanings and make a new meaning altogether
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Explain the system used by the monkey. |
The monkey used the sign language of water and duck and combined them together to make water bird. This would be considered Open System. |
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Displacement
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The capacity to convey information about a thing or event not present
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Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
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language determines our perceptions of reality
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Why was Sapir-Whorf hypothesis not accepted? |
If language shapes how we perceive the world, than language should keep up with the world (Language and world views do not change at same rate)
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Why was Sapir-Whorf hypothesis not accepted? |
Language should not be able to spread so easily if they are connected by thought |
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Why was Sapir-Whorf hypothesis not accepted?
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People having the same language but having different cultures
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Morpheme |
A minimal linguistic form (usually a word) with meaning or unit of meaning (Rat)
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Enculturation
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Impacts personality |
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What culture isn't? |
Inherited |
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Xenophobia
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Fear of strangers or foreigners |
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Why did theHopi Indians built their homes on top of mesas high above the ground? |
It was a defensive move
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Why did the Hopi Indians built their homes on top of mesas high above the ground?
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Only possible solution to the problem because of economy with no army
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Why did the Hopi Indians built their homes on top of mesas high above the ground?
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Made carrying water difficult, carrying supplies difficult or linguistically difficult
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Why did the Hopi Indians built their homes on top of mesas high above the ground?
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It was an adaptive move given their scenario
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Principle Objective of Anthropology |
to provide generalizations about humans behavior
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In the reading of the Nacerima, what is the natives feelings towards body issues? |
There is a masochistic tendencies in the culture where they receive pleasure from the pain. In order to look good or make firends. |
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In the reading of the Nacerima, what is the natives feelings doctors?
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Natives feelings towards the doctors of the Nacerima do not like the doctor because of the gifts the must give as well as being psychologically stripped when forced to be nude. Also, there is a chance they will not live. |
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Things to know from Napoleon Chagnon's movie, Yanomamo |
They do not repeat or say names of dead people
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Things to know from Napoleon Chagnon's movie, Yanomamo |
Highly combative compete in warfare 30% of adult males die because of warfare |
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Things to know from Napoleon Chagnon's movie, Yanomamo
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Genealogy men hang out with family or brother because of kinship relationships
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Explain Emics and the Sacred Cow of Kerla |
Farmers _______ mental view is confirming the rule against slaughter of cattle because of it's economic importance in their eyes. - "All calves have the right to Life) -"None of their calves are starved to death" |
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Explain the Etics and the Sacred Cow of Kerla |
The observer's _______ inference of the farmers' mental beliefs based on lopsided sex ratios - "Let the male calves starve to death when feed is scarce" From a statistical point of view - "Male calves are starved to death" |
