Anthro - Chap 1 Vocab

Front 1

Anthropology

Back 1

the study of the full scope of human diversity, past and present, and the application of that knowledge to help people of different backgrounds better understand one another

Front 2

ethnocentrism

Back 2

The belief that one's own culture or way of life is normal and natural; using one's own culture to evaluate and judge the practices and ideals of others.

Front 3

ethnographic fieldwork

Back 3

a primary research strategy in cultural anthropology involving living with a community of people over an extended period to better understand their lives

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four-field approach

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the use of four interrelated disciplines to study humanity: physical anthropology, archaeology, linguistic anthropology, and cultural anthropology

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holism

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the anthropologist commitment to consider the full scope of human life, including culture, biology, history, and language, across space and time.

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physical anthropology

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the study of humans from a biological perspective, particularly focused on human evolution

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paleoanthropology

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specialization of physical anthropology - the study of the history of human evolution through the fossil record.

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primatology

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specialization within physical anthropology - the study of living nonhuman primates as well as primate fossils to better understand human evolution and early human behavior

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archaeology

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the investigation of the human past by means of excavating and analyzing artifacts

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prehistoric archaeology

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specialization of archaeology - the reconstruction of human behavior in the distant past (before written records) through the examination of artifacts

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historic archaeology

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specialization of archaeology - the exploration of the more recent past through an examination of physical remains and artifacts as well as written or oral records

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linguistic anthropology

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the study of human language in the past and the present

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descriptive linguists

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those who analyze languages and their component parts

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historic linguists

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those who study how language changes over time within a culture and how languages travel across cultures

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sociolinguists

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those who study language in its social and cultural contexts

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cultural anthropology

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the study of people's communities, behaviors, beliefs, and institutions, including how people make meaning as they live, work, and play together

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participant observation

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a key anthropological research strategy involving both participation in and observation of the daily life of the people being studied

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ethnology

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the analysis and comparison of ethnographic data across cultures

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globalization

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the worldwide intensification of interactions and increased movement of money, people, goods, and ideas within and across national borders

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time-space compression

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the rapid innovation of communication and transportation technologies associated with globalization that transforms the way people think about space and time

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flexible accumulation

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the increasingly flexible strategies that corporations use to accumulate profits in an era of globalization, enabled by innovative communication and transportation technologies

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increasing migration

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the accelerated movement of people within and between countries

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uneven development

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the unequal distribution of the benefits and globalization

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rapid change

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the dramatic transformations of economics, politics, and culture characteristic of contemporary globalization

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climate change

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changes to earth's climate, including global warming produced primarily by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases created by human activity such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation