Anthro-Bio

Front 1

People who share the same haplogroup (or haplotype) do so because they share specific combinations of ____________.

Back 1

Genetic Markers

Front 2

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs):

Back 2

Places in DNA sequences at which point mutations have caused one-base differences
example: CCTGAA vs CCCGAA

Front 3

2. Microsatellites:

Back 3

short (2-5 base) sequences of non-coding DNA that repeat a variable number of times
ex: CACACA vs CACACACA

Front 4

The Biological Race Concept:

Back 4

Human beings can be usefully classified into a limited number of overall biological types, based on morphological (=phenotypic) traits and/or genetic evidence.

Front 5

A brief history of the race concept:

Back 5

- a classification of human variation
- early records don’t use the idea
- origins during Renaissance?
- origin of concepts in the 18th century?

Front 6

C. Loring Brace-

Back 6

physical anthropologist
20th century -- American
Before the mid-14th century, people walked or rode horseback from place to place….visible physical variation was gradual. As the Renaissance began, ocean-going vessels traveled long distances and explorers began to see people in distinct groups slow gradations were not so visible physical differences became more obvious

Front 7

Johann Blumenbach

Back 7

Late 18th century German anatomist
Biological taxonomy of human races, using:
- skin color
- features of the human skull
- facial projection
- length and width of skull
Asserted there were 5 races of people,
- static and immutable

Front 8

Franz Boas

Back 8

- founder of American Anthropology
- challenged Blumenbach’s ideas
- studied immigrant families in the US
- calculated cephalic index : parents & children’s head lengths
- differed to a small degree: not static
- race is NOT a valid concept

Front 9

Evidence available to test the hypothesis that there are races in modern humans:

Back 9

Genetic evidence
Morphological evidence
- Craniometrics
- Patterns of skin reflectance
- Patterns of disease

Front 10

Population

Back 10

For our purposes, a “breeding population”
- a cluster of individuals of the same species who share a common geographical area,
- who find their mates more often in their own cluster than in others.