Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Hominins |
all the members of the human lineage after it split from the chimpanzee lineage |
|
|
Sahelanthropus tchadensis |
early members of the hominins lineage 7 million yrs ago |
|
|
Ardipithecus radius |
early members of hominid lineage lived 4.5 million years ago female skeleton had opposable toes |
|
|
Radiation |
a period where there is a rapid increase in the diversity in a single lineage
3 NEW GROUPS 1- australopithecus 2. kenyanthropus 3. paranthropus |
|
|
australopithecus |
4.0-2.5 mya 6 distinct species came from africa walked on 2 legs
|
|
|
kenyanthropus |
Meave leakey discovered 3.5 MYA similar to Australopithecus |
|
|
Paranthropus |
Louis leakey discovered 2.5-1.6 MYA massive molars & muscles thought this was related to diet |
|
|
homo habilis |
2.5-1.6 MYA Did not have large teeth or muscles had large brain |
|
|
homo erectus |
1.9-1.5 mya low forehead tall & skinny first hominid found outside africa |
|
|
lower paleolithic |
first began making stone tools
|
|
|
oldowan |
could be made by paranthropus, homo habilis or homo erectus tools were manufactured flakes, cores, choppers |
|
|
Acheulian |
characteristic tool = biface biface can either be a hand axe or cleavers have good symmetry |
|
|
palimpsest |
an archaeological site produced by a series of distinct occupations |
|
|
dispersal |
an event where a single species dramatically expands it range |
|
|
pleistocene |
the frequent buildup and retreat of ice sheets -glacial eras = build up of ice interglacial eras = no ice |
|
|
oxygen isotope curve |
the record of fluctuations in ice during pleistocene |
|
|
what are the 3 theories for evolution of neanderthals |
1. neanderthals and modern humans each evolved separately from H. erectus
2. the common ancestor of neanderthals and modern humans was a distinct species that evolved from H. erectus
3. neanderthals and modern humans did not evolve in isolation, there was an exchange of genetic material |
|
|
middle Palaeolithic |
the period during which neanderthals occupied europe |
|
|
prepared core technology |
carefully shaping the core to control the form of the flakes produced |
|
|
frison effect |
due to the resharpening the process through which the shape of the stone tool changes |
|
|
modern human |
a member of the species Homo sapiens, which includes all living humans |
|
|
Middle stone age |
the period of the earliest modern humans in Africa |
|
|
aterian |
stone tool industry with the presence of points with a pronounced tang |
|
|
sangoan/lupemban |
crude heavy tools, an adaptation to heavily wooded environments |
|
|
howiesons poort |
small crescent shaped tools |
|
|
upper paleolithic |
the earliest occupation of europe by modern humans |
|
|
middle to upper paleolithic transition |
the period that saw the appearance of modern humans in europe, it includes the development of new types of stone tools and bone tools and the dramatic appearance of symbolic artifacts |
|
|
out of africa hypothesis |
neanderthals in europe were replaced by invading populations of modern humans
|
|
|
hybridization hypothesis |
acknowledge influx of modern humans but does not believe this caused extinction. dissaperance due to interbreeding with M.H |
|
|
multi regional hypothesis |
neanderthals evolved locally into MH as a result of a continuous gene flow - less likelyl |
|
|
levallois method |
prepared core technology that can be recognized on the basis of tortoise-shaped cores |
|
|
laetoli site in tanzania
|
found footprints in ash at this site -showed Austop were bipedal
|
