Anthro 2Ac Midterm 2 Terms

Front 1

antiquarians

Back 1

nonprofessional who studies the past for its artistic/cultural value (in contrast to an archaeologist or looter)

Front 2

agency in archaeology

Back 2

past people aren't just faceless blobs (ruth tringham), they made conscious choices in the past; etic/outsider perspective vs. emic perspective

Front 3

archaeological cultures

Back 3

maximum grouping of assemblages assumed to represent the sum of human activities carried out within a single ancient culture

Front 4

arbitrary/natural levels

Back 4

arbitrary = set by us, natural = stratigraphy when layers are clear enough to see

Front 5

behavioral processes

Back 5

human activities, including acquisition, manufacture, use, and deposition, behavior produce tangible arch. remains

Front 6

assemblages

Back 6

grouping of all sub-assemblages assumed to represent the sum of human activities carried out within an ancient community

Front 7

sub-assemblages

Back 7

grouping of artifact classes based on form and function that is assumed to represent a single group within a community

Front 8

broken k pueblo

Back 8

Michael Schiffer critiqued theory about "hunting room" in shift from hunter-gatherers to agriculture: instead of having T-1 and T-2, he thought they were places where the animal remains were dumped

Front 9

biases

Back 9

we make interpretations, subjective and must be reflexive, must have had different world views and value/belief systems

Front 10

bioturbation

Back 10

the displacement/mixing of sediment particles and solutes by fauna, flora, flooding, etc

Front 11

classification

Back 11

the ordering of phenomena into groups based on the sharing of attributes (stylistic, form, technological)

Front 12

folsom/clovis points (fluted points)

Back 12

study and recognition of Paleo-indian sites; folsom site = spear point coming from bison antiquus --> first accepted evidence for ice age people in americas; lower strata, larger spear points (clovis site); mammoth hunters

Front 13

conjunctive approach + person

Back 13

walter taylor --> putting fragments back together, think about how types relate to each other

Front 14

contour lines/topographic maps

Back 14

physical map of area, contour lines show changes in altitude

Front 15

meg conkey

Back 15

co-published a critique of archaeology as perpetuateing male-centered stereotypes of past lives, portraying men as active/powerful while women were cast as passive/powerless/absent

Front 16

critical theory + person

Back 16

mark leone --> everything is biased, always subjectivity, critical view of processual arch, multiple ways to interpret the past, must be aware of own biases/perceptions

Front 17

culture areas/time-space grids

Back 17

a synthesis of temporal/spatial distributions of data used in the culture history approach based on period sequences within culture areas; how culture distributed across landscape, individual artifacts of one particular culture model types

Front 18

culture history approach + critiques

Back 18

archaeological interpretation based on temporal/spatial synthesis of data and the application of general descriptive models usually derived from a normative view of culture; focus on chronology and cultural change (diachronic); CRITIQUES: too much emphasis on artifact classification, and culture historians not very explicit or too descriptive

Front 19

cultural materialism

Back 19

holds that there are biological/psychological needs common to all humans, provides means for evaluating each society's adaptive efficiency by measuring input