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176 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Maya |
Illusion (the world is an illusion) |
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Moksha |
Liberation (freedom from the cycle of death and birth) |
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Samsara |
the Cycle of death and rebirth |
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Symbol most widely associated with Samsara |
A wheel with spokes (Samsara is the cycle of death and rebirth) |
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Dharma |
Righteous living (True living) |
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Ahimsa |
Do no harm |
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Samadhi |
Meditation |
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Karma |
Spiritual accumulation of merit (good or bad) |
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Once you have enough karma, what can you achieve? |
Moksha, liberation from Samsara |
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What is the difference between Hindu & Buddhist Samadhi |
Samadhi or mediation requires concentration on: Hinduism: deities Buddhism: oneself |
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Nirvana |
Goal of Buddhism; reach state of peace beyond heaven, earth, and hell; formless; beyond human understanding |
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Diagram the Buddhist universe |
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In which part(s) of the universe can you achieve Moksha? |
Earth Heaven NOT Hell |
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Do gods deserve our worship in Hinduism and/or Buddhism? |
Hinduism: yes Buddhism: no, gods are only "higher beings" that achieved Moksha |
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Does Hinduism and/or Buddhism discuss a creator god? |
Hinduism: yes Buddhism: no |
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What is the difference between Buddhism and Indonesian Buddhism regarding the view of god? |
Buddhism: no/vague discussion of god Indonesian Buddhism: one supreme god |
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In which religion can others NOT help you gain enlightenment (putting the burden on you alone)? Theravada Buddhism Mahayana Buddhism |
Theravada Buddhism: only oneself Mahayana Buddhism: others can help |
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Which is the older, stricter form of Buddhism? Theravada Mahayana |
Theravada is the older, stricter form |
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Which religion acknowledges Bodhisattvas? Theravada Buddhism Mahayana Buddhism |
Mahayana Buddhism acknowledges Bodhisattvas, or "helper" Buddhas |
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In which area of the universe does the Buddha reside? |
Nirvana |
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In which area of the universe do the Bodhisattvas reside? |
Heaven Earth |
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Who are the Bodhisattvas? |
Enlightened Buddhas who can achieve nirvana but decided to stay behind in heaven or earth to help others to achieve enlightenment ("helper Buddhas") |
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What three forms of Mahayana Buddhism emerged at the same time as Christianity? |
Pureland Buddhism Westernland Buddhism Amitahba Buddhism |
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What similarities do Amitahba, Pureland, and Westernland Buddhism share with Christianity? |
If you believe in (Buddha/Christ) you will be saved by (Buddha/Christ). |
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Video: What was special about how the Buddha was born from his mother, the queen? A. he was born fully grown B. he was born from her side C. he was born as a twin D. he was born into nirvana |
the Buddha was born from her side (B) |
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Video: How many days after the Buddha was born did his mother, the queen, die? A. 7 days B. 30 days C. 50 days D. 100 days |
7 days later his mother died (A) |
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Video: According to the Buddha, can anyone achieve enlightenment? |
Yes, anyone can achieve enlightenment |
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Video: What modern-day country was the Buddha born in? A. India B. Thailand C. Nepal D. Indonesia |
The Buddha was born in Nepal (C) |
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Video: For the first 500 years after the death of the Buddha, how was Buddhism passed on? A. the Tipitakas B. the Buddha lived for 500 years C. oral tradition |
Oral tradition (C) |
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Video: What was the Buddha's real name? A. Maitreya B. Siddharta Gautama C. Ashin Jinarakkhita D. Kleang Moeung |
Siddharta Guatama (B) |
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Video: Before becoming the Buddha, Siddharta Gautama was a? A. peasant B. beggar C. Hindu god D. prince |
prince (D) |
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Video: What were the 4 encounters that made Siddharta Gautama to search for enlightenment? |
1. Old man 2. Sick man 3. Dead man 4. Spiritual speaker |
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Video: Siddharta Gautama had a wife and child, but chose to leave them to pursue enlightenment. True or False? |
True: Siddharta Gautama left his wife and child to become the Buddha |
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Video: There were many different types of monks practicing different ways to relieve suffering at the time of the Buddha. True or False? |
True: Monks had devoted themselves to asceticism, etc. |
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Video: The Buddha is said to have existed in previous lives as an animal, human, deity, god, etc. True or False? |
True: the Buddha is said to have existed in as an animal, human, deity, god, etc. in previous lives. |
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Video: To whom did the Buddha first go to try to achieve escape from suffering? What did he learn? |
The Buddha met a yogi who practice an ancient form of deep meditation, but realized that meditation is only a temporary escape. |
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Video: To whom did the Buddha go to second to try to achieve escape from suffering? What did he learn? |
The Buddha met a group of ascetics who punished their bodies through starvation, flesh mortification, etc. He learned that subjecting the body to harsh conditions did not achieve escape. |
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Video: What the did the Buddha accept from a woman that symbolized his acceptance of life? A. a Hindu text B. a glass of water C. a bowl of rice |
The Buddha accepted a bowl of rice to symbolize that acceptance of life and not doing it alone. |
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Video: Where is the central city of Buddhism, like Jerusalem or Mecca, located? |
The central city of Buddhism is Bodh Gaya, a small time in northeastern India. |
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Video: Where did the Buddha gain enlightenment? |
The Buddha gained enlightenment underneath the Bodhi Tree. |
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Video: Who challenged the Buddha with temptation? |
Mara, the lord of desire, used temptation and an army of demons to tempt the Buddha. |
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Video: How did the Buddha not succumb to temptation? |
The Buddha had quieted his mind, come to peace and calm, and become impassive. |
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Video: According to the Buddha, why can anyone achieve enlightenment? |
The capacity for enlightenment is in every person who reflects upon oneself. |
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Video: What is the Buddha's Middle Way? |
The Middle Way is the path to enlightenment, that is between the extremes of excess and asceticism. |
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Video: What are the 4 noble truths? |
1. there is suffering 2. suffering comes from the mind 3. you can be free of suffering 4. solution: 8-Fold Path |
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Video: What is the Sangha? |
The Sangha is the monastic community formed by the Buddha to help others reach enlightenment. |
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Video: What is the significance of the Sangha for women? |
The Sangha provided an opportunity for women to escape their difficult lives. |
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Video: According to Buddhism, what is the meaning of life? |
Buddhism does not answer the meaning of life, but is about alleviating the suffering. |
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What was the prominent religion in Java during the? medieval age current time |
Medieval age: Mahayana Buddhism Currently: Muslim |
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What is Sak Day? |
Sak Day is the day that Siddhartha Guatama died and became the Buddha. |
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What is the Borobudur Temple? |
The Borobudur Temple is a Javanese temple devoted to Mahayana Buddhism. |
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How many levels make up the Borobudur Temple? What do the levels represent? |
3 levels: Bottom: earth Middle: heaven or world of the "forms" Top: nirvana, above heaven, "formless" |
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Video: What two Hindu components does the temple of Borobudur represent? |
Mount Meru & the Axis Mundi (navel/center of the world) |
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Video: What are the Jatakas? |
The Jatakas are ancient Buddhist texts. |
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Video: What was the purpose of the Borobudur Temple? |
The temple teaches pilgrims and Buddhists how to achieve nirvana by describing earthly pleasures, Boddhisvattas describing good deeds, and then the Buddha statues and stupa represent nirvana at the top. |
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Who built Borobudur Temple? When? |
Borobudur Temple was built by King Samaratungga, a Javanese king, in 824 AD. |
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What two religions influenced Borobudur Temple? |
Mahayana Buddhism Angkor Hinduism |
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What was the Borobudur temple initially built to represent? |
Borobudur was first meant to represent Mt. Meru |
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What is Mt. Meru? |
Mt. Meru is the home of the Hindu gods just like Mt Olympus is the home of the Greek gods. |
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How did Buddhism re-purpose Mt. Meru? |
Mt. Meru is still important in Buddhism, but now as the home of the Buddha rather than the Hindu gods, who exist as heavenly forms and Bodhisvattas. |
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What is the role of the designs, statues, and inscriptions on the Borobudur Temple? |
The temple is instructional (how to achieve enlightenment?). |
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Under whose influence did Cambodia of the medieval era transition from Mahayana Buddhism to Theravada Buddhism? |
Thai/Siamese influence pushed Cambodia to go from Mahayana to Theravada Buddhism. |
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Theravada Buddhism emerged in Cambodia when? |
11th century |
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When the did the Thai defeat Angkor Cambodia and install Theravada Buddhism as the main religion? |
1431: Thai defeat Cambodia, installing Theravada Buddhism as the main religion |
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In Cambodia, did Theravada Buddhism mix or completely replace existing Mahayana Buddhism, Hinduism, and Animism? |
Theravada Buddhism became the dominant religion in Cambodia after 1431, but mixed with existing religions |
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Why did Medieval Cambodia suffer economic hardship? |
Cambodia was losing territory to Vietnam and Thailand and was required to pay tribute to both. |
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Due to the difficulties in Medieval Cambodia, how did the Buddhist Cambodians view their situation? |
They thought of it as the end times when |
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Which Cambodian king was responsible for signing the peace treat with the French? When? |
Prince Norodam signed the treaty with the French in 1863 |
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What the French offer to do for Prince Norodam? What did they offer in exchange? |
The French offered to represent Cambodia's international affairs and leave domestic sovereignty with the king. |
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What was the insidious truth of the French treaty in Cambodia concerning the king? |
The French slowly took control of Cambodia until the king was just a figurehead. |
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Did Cambodia eventually become a French colony after 1863? |
Yes |
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True or False? The Cambodian people still supported their king after the French took over. |
False. The people lost their faith in King Norodam. |
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Why did the Cambodian people view King Norodam as a "dharmic failure?" |
King Norodam signed the treaty with the French and lost control to them. Because Cambodian Buddhist considered political power as representative of dharma (righteous living), the loss of power = loss of dharma. |
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What is a millenarium movement? |
An uprising that results from people thinking that the end times are coming, named for such movements that sprung up all over Europe near the year 1000. |
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Were their millnarium movements in Cambodia after the French takeover? |
Yes |
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According to Weber, what happens in ancient societies when the people are struggling? |
A charismatic prophets arises who leads a change to fight inequality in the populace. |
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Who is a medieval period example of Weber's "charismatic prophet" and what did he lead? |
Martin Luther in the 1500s led the Protestant Reformation |
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According to Prof. Douglas, the millenarium movements were composed of what type of Cambodians? |
"Buddhist radicals" |
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True or False? King Norodam supported the millenarium uprisings of the Cambodian people. |
False. The millenarium uprisings were against both the king and the French. |
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What did the Buddhist radicals use to fight the French? Was it effective? |
Buddhists used magical charms and amulets that would ward off evil. They were ineffective and the French slaughtered the peasantry. |
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The French wanted to change Cambodian Buddhist through a process they called what? |
"Purification" of Buddhism to remove the radical, millenarium element. |
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Which king was associated with "purification" of Buddhism? Where was he king? |
King Mongkut of Siam/Thailand was associated with the purification of Buddhism. |
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Did Mongkut always want to be king? |
No, Mongkut was first a learned monk of Buddhism but came to power in Siam after the death of this brother. |
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Why did Cambodian monks go to Siam to learn about Buddhism? |
There were no schools of Buddhism in Cambodia because the French did not support the Buddhist radicals. Monks were forced to travel to Siam for their training. |
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Where did monks go to train when the French stopped them from traveling to Siam? |
Cambodian monks established their own "purified" schools in Cambodia. |
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Was Cambodian Buddhism considered "more pure" that Mahayana Buddhism and the Theravada Buddhism from Siam? |
Yes. |
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Did the French support influence from Siam? Why or why not? |
The French did NOT support Siamese influence because Siam remained independent from France and Cambodia was already rising up against French rule. |
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True or False? Ironically, Siamese influence of Theravada Buddhism actually helped French aims in Cambodia. |
True |
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Who was Ind? |
Ind was a Cambodian storyteller who wrote the Gatilok stories. |
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What were the Gatilock stories? |
1930s Folk stories about animistic beliefs in Cambodia. |
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Were the Gatilok stories popular? |
Yes |
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Were the Gatilok stories said to establish a Cambodia identity? |
Yes |
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Why were the Gatilock stories criticized? |
The stories would call the animistic beliefs they described "silly" and ask "why do these people believe this?" |
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Is worshipping the Leper King a Buddhism or Animist belief? |
Animist |
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True or False? Gatilok stories caused the Cambodians to get rid of their animistic beliefs. |
False |
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How did the Gatilok stories affect Cambodian beliefs? |
Cambodians came to believe that Buddhism and Brahmanism were separate. |
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What are the main Buddhist texts, written 500 years after the death of the Buddha? |
Tipitakas |
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What is the Panca Sila? |
The 5 main principles in Indonesia |
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What is the most important principle of the Panca Sila? |
The belief in one supreme god |
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True or False? The Indonesian government will still recognize and support religions that do not have belief in one god |
False |
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What is the main religion of modern Indonesia? |
Islam |
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What belief did Buddhism include that allowed the religion to survive in Indonesia? |
belief in one supreme god |
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In 1965, what happened in Indonesia? |
Military coup |
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In the 1965 military coup in Indonesia, who overthrew who? |
General Suharto overthrows President Sukarno |
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What was the rationale of the 1965 Indonesian military coup? |
General Suharto declared a "communist emergency" |
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What two reasons was it dangerous to be a Buddhist in Indonesia during the 1965 coup? |
Buddhists were seen as Chinese-communist influence and Buddhists did not believe in one supreme god |
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Did Buddhists have a "double problem," during the 1965 military coup of Indonesia because they were thought to be communist and atheistic? |
Yes |
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What is the Sang Hyang Adi Buddha? |
Spiritually powerful Buddha seen as one supreme god by Indonesia Buddhism |
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True or False? The concept of the Sang Hyang Adi Buddha came from an old Javanese text. |
True. |
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True or False? Some Buddhists in Indonesia disagreed with the interpretation that the Sang Hyang Adi Buddha was the one supreme god. |
True. |
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True or False? Initially, it was mostly Chinese and a few Hindu settlers in Indonesia who embraced Buddhism. |
True. |
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Who was the founder of monotheistic Buddhism in Indonesia? |
Ashin Jinarakkhita |
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What does Gru Parami refer to? |
The spirit possession of Cambodian Buddhist mediums. |
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True or False? In Cambodia, spiritual possession predates Hinduism and Buddhism. |
True. |
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Do good Buddhists in Cambodia need to be possessed by spirits? |
No |
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What is a parami? |
A good Cambodian spirit that reflects good Buddhist ideals |
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What is a bray? |
An evil or malevolent Cambodian spirit |
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True or False. Bray spirits can be tamed and made to be good? |
True. |
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What is a Neak Ta? |
Type of protective spirit in statues or structures |
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Are people mostly possessed by parami or bray? |
parami |
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True or False? Like the Nat Kadaws of Burma, the Gru Parami of Cambodia may tell stories of the spirits and cross-dress. |
True. |
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What is the name for possessed Cambodian mediums? |
Gru Parami or "royal concubines" |
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Is being possessed by a Cambodian parami considered a "full marriage" or a "lesser marriage?" |
Lesser marriage |
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What is Snan? |
A person who is entranced in spiritual possession |
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Is there a blurred line between Buddhism and Brahmanism? |
Yes |
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Who is the Kleang Moeung? |
Famous spirit warrior of Cambodian who died defending Cambodia from Siamese invaders |
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How did Kleang Moeung die? |
He was forced to commit suicide to come back as a spirit and lead the spirit army to defeat the Siamese. |
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In Long Beach, why was there infighting in the Cambodian community? |
Cambodians came settled in different waves of arrivals, each having faced a different degree of oppression in Cambodia (Khmer Rouge). |
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When Cambodians in Long Beach attempted to bring a spirit to the United States, was it successful? |
Yes |
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Why did a later spirit calling by the Cambodians in Long Beach not occur at a Buddhist temple? |
The monk refused and called the practice of spirit calling to be Brahmanism. |
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Which religion is older: Theravada or Mahayana Buddhism? |
Theravada Buddhism |
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Who is the 4th Buddha? |
Siddharta Guatama |
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Who is the 5th Buddha? |
Maitreya |
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What is the supreme aim of Buddhism? |
nirvana |
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Where will the Maitreya arrive? |
Angkor Wat |
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What is a wat or vat? |
Buddhist temple or pagoda |
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What is a Bikkhu? |
male Buddhist monk |
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What is a Bikkhuni |
female Buddhist monk |
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Who is Prince Siddharta Gautama? |
The founder of Buddhism, achieved enlightenment under Bodhi tree, Moksha through dharmic living and Samadhi |
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What is the Chakravartin? |
savior-king of Cambodian Buddhism |
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What are 3 holy books in Indonesia Buddhism? |
1. Tipitaka 2. Dhammapada 3. Sang Hyang Kamahayanikan |
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What is the Anak Ta? |
Local spirits/genies of villages |
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What is an Arakkh |
demon guardian spirit of a family |
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King Samaratungga |
Built Borobudur Temple in 824 AD (Java) |
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King Norodam |
Signed French treaty in 1863 (Cambodia)
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King Mongkut |
Associated with Buddhist "purification" (Siam) |
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Bhikku Ashin Jinarakkhita |
Buddhist monk who formed Indonesian Buddhism (Indonesia) |
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Reading: Where did the Buddha finally achieve enlightenment? |
Under a Bodhi tree in the village of Bodhi Gaya, India |
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Reading: What is the Sangha? |
The Sangha is the monastery of monks and nuns in Buddhism that represent the dharma. |
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Reading: The most important component in Buddhism is the Triple Gem. What does the Triple Gem represent? |
Buddha, dharma, sangha |
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Reading: What early form of Hinduism was prevalent through India during the time of Siddhartha Guatama? |
Brahmanism |
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Reading: What is the difference between Hinduism and Buddhism regarding social order? |
Hinduism has a caste stratified society. Buddhism rejected the caste system. |
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Reading: Due to disagreements between the Elders (Sthaviras) and the Universal Assembly (Mahasanghikas), what to forms of Buddhism were formed? |
Theravada Mahayana |
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Reading: Does the Buddha refer to one unique person (i.e. Siddhartha Guatama?) |
No. Siddharta Guatama was one Buddha. |
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Reading: What is the most important element of Buddhism? |
Dharma |
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Reading: What is the main scripture of Theravada Buddhism and a collection of the oral tradition? |
Pail Canon |
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Reading: Buddhism originated in India, but why was it was nearly completed wiped from the land of its birth? |
10 century Invasion of the Muslim Turks |
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Reading: Burmese King Anarwarhta promoted which type of Buddhism? |
Theravada |
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Reading: One reason for the spread of Buddhism is that it incorporates local spirit worship and local belief. True or False? |
True |
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Reading: What is the main question of Buddhism? |
How to alleviate the burden of human suffering? |
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Reading: What is Thien Buddhism? |
Vietnamese Buddhism |
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Reading: What is Amitabha Buddhism? |
School of Mahayana Buddhism centered on reciting the name of the Ambitabha Buddha for meditation and to increase positive karma. |
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Reading: Which is the main school of Buddhism that influences Thien/Vietnamese Buddhism? |
Pureland Buddhism |
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Reading: What religion replaced Mahayana Buddhism, Hinduism, Animistic beliefs of Angkor Cambodia? |
Theravada Buddhism |
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Reading: Did Theravada Buddhism in Cambodia make the religion more or less centralized? |
Less centralized |
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Reading: What became the center for religion, community, education, etc. in Khmer Cambodia? |
The Buddhist temple or Pagoda |
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Reading: Was the Sangha a strong or weak force in Khmer society? |
Strong force |
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Reading: What language was used as the main vehicle for Theravada Buddhism in Cambodia? |
Khmer |
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Reading: Did the Khmer Rouge support or oppose Theravada Buddhism in Cambodia? |
Oppose |
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Reading: Which country intervened in order to remove the Khmer Rouge? |
Vietnam |
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Reading: Did the Vietnamese favor or oppose the re-building of Buddhist pagodas? |
Favor |
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Reading: Why were Buddhist monks originally forbidden for voting and participating in government by the Vietnamese? |
Conflict of interest; monks are supposed to represent altruism and equality, not be in politics |
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Reading: After the Khmer Rouge, was a Vietnam-supported Cambodia able to bring pagodas back to their original function? |
No. Some pagodas again became effective community centers. Others only provided "magical healing." Others were never rebuilt. |
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Reading: After the fall of the Khmer Rouge, did the Sangha, buoyed by the Vietnamese, become more or less politicized? |
More politicized |
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Reading: Why was the Sangha more politicized after the Khmer Rouge? |
1. A monk at the head of the largest Buddhist school was also made a member of the government. He was thought of as a Vietnamese puppet embroiled in politics. 2. Universal suffrage meant that monks could also vote, which allowed them to be part of politics. |
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Readings: Initially, did the Vietnamese put more or less restrictions on monks? |
More restrictions (e.g. can only be ordained at age 50 or above, etc.) |
