Anthro 121Emc

Front 1

What is the etic meaning of the term “soul” as it is commonly used in anthropology?

Back 1

nonphysical, spiritual component of an individual

Front 2

Explain three things that may contribute to the widespread belief in the existence of souls by people in
societies all around the world.

Back 2

Animation,Death,and illness

Front 3

Know these terms: transmigration, reincarnation, purgatory, nirvana.

Back 3

Transmigration- The passage of a soul after death into another body

Reincarnation- The belief that the soul, upon death of the body,comes back to earth in another body or form

Purgatory- a condition or place in which the souls of those dying penitent are purified from venial sins

Nirvana-freedom from the endless cycle of personal reincarnations

Front 4

What is the etic meaning of the term “ghost” as it is commonly used in anthropology?

Back 4

Separate from bodies, Hang around the living Often cause trouble or harm

Front 5

Explain at least three common folk beliefs about vampires that existed in European societies, and explain how
these beliefs may have derived from natural (that is, not supernatural) phenomena that happen to corpses.

Back 5

Evidence of blood drinking?, Crawling out of the grave, “Killing” with a stake

Front 6

What are “zombies” according to traditional Haitian beliefs? What is Wade Davis’s explanation for how some
people in Haiti could apparently die and be buried, only to later be found walking around?

Back 6

Bodies without a soul. work as slaves. People poisoned by tetrodotoxin (from puffer fish), They seem dead and are buried, Later dug up and enslaved, Believe they had died

Front 7

Explain three different common functions of death rituals

Back 7

Supernatural, Emotional, Social

Front 8

From an anthropological perspective, what is the definition of “magic”?

Back 8

Activities, performed to compel supernatural forces to affect the everyday world in particular ways.

Front 9

What is Malinowski theory about when and why people use magic?

Back 9

People turn to magic when important things are outside of their direct control.

Front 10

What is the function of magic, according to Malinowski?

Back 10

the function of magic is to ease anxiety over important, uncontrollable things

Front 11

How does Gmelch’s investigation of the use of magic in baseball provide evidence that supports Malinowski’s
theory of magic?

Back 11

Player use magic for hitting and pitching, but not for fielding.

Front 12

What is a taboo?

Back 12

a social or religious custom forbidding discussion of a particular practice or forbidding association with a particular person, place, or thing.

Front 13

What is a fetish?

Back 13

.) an inanimate object worshiped for its supposed magical powers or because it is considered to be inhabited by a spirit.

Front 14

Assuming magic is not real, why do people believe in it? To answer this question, explain five things that tend
to encourage people to continue to practice magic or believe that magic works, even if it really does not.

Back 14

.) It offers people a sense of control, easing anxiety.

Human minds seek patterns, seeing causation rather than coincidence.

Human beings have selective memory

When magic is used, it is assumed to be responsible for the result.

When magic fails, it’s easy to assume the magic was done improperly

Front 15

What is divination?

Back 15

The use of supernatural means to predict the future.

Front 16

Explain how anthropologists generally distinguish between “sorcery” and “witchcraft” in small-scale
societies.

Back 16

Witchcraft is innate and supernatural and doesn't require ritual to cause others harm.

Front 17

What was the Inquisition? Briefly describe its purpose and methods

Back 17

The Inquisition was an event that the Catholic Church put in motion as a response to things that seemed bad to Christianity. The four major methods or procedures they went through to find out who was a heretic were; Investigation, trial, torture and finally punishment.

Front 18

What are revitalization movements?

Back 18

a effort by members of a society to construct a more satisfying culture

Front 19

Know what millenarian and messianic movements are

Back 19

.) End of the world, people who believe that jseus is the Messiah

Front 20

What are cargo cults? Explain some of their key features and describe the conditions under which they have
arisen. Why might those conditions lead to the creation of cargo cults?

Back 20

a system of belief based around the expected arrival of ancestral spirits in ships bringing cargoes of food and other goods.

Front 21

Explain what religious fundamentalism is. Under what conditions has religious fundamentalism become
important in the modern world? Explain why those conditions tend to lead to fundamentalism. Give a detailed
example from a particular religious tradition.

Back 21

The continuation of an already existing religion,it identifies ways world has changed

Front 22

Know what secular means.

Back 22

denoting attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis.

Front 23

Know what scripturalism is.

Back 23

the surface meaning of a religion is literally true