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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Kinesics |
study of communication through body movements |
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Phonology |
the study of speech sounds |
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Morphology |
study sounds that combine to form words |
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lexicon |
dictionary containing all morphemes and their meanings |
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syntax |
arrangement and order of words in sentences |
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phoneme |
sound that contrasts that differentiates meaning |
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Phonetics |
study of speech sounds in general |
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Phonemics |
significant sound contrasts |
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Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis |
Learning grammar in different languages causes people to think differently |
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Focal Vocabulary |
Special sets of terms that are important to certain groups EX: eskimos and different types of "SNow" |
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Semantics |
language's meaning system |
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sociolinguistics |
study relationships between social and linguistic variation. How do different speakers use a given language? |
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Diglossia |
applies using high and low variants of the same language but in different occasions |
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BEV |
Black English Vernacular-Ebonics |
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Historical Linguistics |
Longer-term change in variation in language |
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Daughter languages |
contemporary language from an older version |
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protolanguage |
original language version |
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Nuclear Family |
Parents and children ( Kin group) |
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extended family |
family consisting of three or more generations |
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Descent groups |
people in the same lineage or clan |
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Family of orientation |
family in which one is born and grows up |
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Faimly of procreation |
form with marriage and having children |
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Patrilineal descent |
people have lifetime membership in their father's group |
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matrilineal descent |
people join mother's group at birth and they members |
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unilineal descent |
Descent rule uses one line only, male or female lines. |
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Apical ancestor |
person who stands at apex of genealogy. ADAM AND EVE |
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Totem |
clan's apical ancestor could not be human, but an animal or plant |
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exogamy |
seeking a mate outsides one's own group |
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incest taboo |
sex with a relative. Many culture view what defines relatives differently though. |
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Endogamy |
marriage withing a group you belong to |
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dowry |
wife group provides gifts to husband's family |
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polygyny |
man has more than one wife |
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polyandry |
woman has more than one husband |
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sororate |
if wife dies, wife's family sends relative to replace her. |
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Levirate |
If husband dies, widow may marry the husband's brother |
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Serial monogamy |
individuals have more than one spouse but never legally have more than one at the same time |
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Gender |
all the traits that a culture assigns to males and females |
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Gender stereotype |
oversimplified ides about the characteristics of males and females. |
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Gender stratification |
unequal distribution of rewards between men and women |
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bridewealth/brideprice |
a gift from the husband to the wife and her kin |
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agriculture |
plant cultivation characterized by continuous and intensive use of land and labor |
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Band |
Basic unit of social organization through kinship or marriage. Fewer than one hundred people and split up occasionally. |
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Bilateral Descent |
mother and fathers family both play an important role on children |
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Ethnosemantics |
is the study of how people relate concepts to each other. It is thus a scientific discipline that investigates the foundations of knowledge and understanding |
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Fictive Kin |
Brother from another mother |
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Horticulture |
the art of plant cultivation and management |
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Hypergamy |
woman marrying someone of a higher class or status |
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hypogamy |
man marrying someone of a higher class or status |
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Kinship calculation |
system by which people in a particular society reckon kin relationships |
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linguistic relativity |
people think their language is better |
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Monogamy |
marry to only one person
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morpheme |
smallest unit of measurement in language |
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tribe |
form of organization. no means of enforcing political decisions |
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neolocal residence |
a couple establishes a new place of residence rather than living with either set of parents |
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pantribal sodality |
non kin based group that exists throughout a tribe, spanning several villages |
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patrilocality |
residence with the husband's relatives after marriage so children grow up in their father's community |
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semiotics |
study of meaning making in communication. Study of sings and meaning |
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Semantic derogation |
This refers to the process by which words may acquire negative connotations. In terms of sexist language, we often find that words referring to women have undergone this process. |
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segmentary lineage |
close family is the smallest and closest segment, and will generally stand with each other. That family is also a part of a larger segment of more distant cousins and their families, who will stand with each other when attacked by outsiders |
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Linguisticuniformitarianism |
language back then was similar to what it is today. A way of communicating. |
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matrilocality residence |
go with mother family after marriage |
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3 functions of a descent group |
-determining the political organization of group -determining a partner -determining work relations |
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Whatattempts have been made to prove the Whorf-Sapir hypothesis experimentally? |
English:past, present, and future. HOPI language does not. Hopi think differently abouttime |
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how isthe subordination of women encoded in language |
Japanesewomen use higher speech. Use words like charming, adorable, sweet. |
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Inwhat type of society would we expect gender equality to be greatest? |
when gathering is prominent, domestic and public spheres are not seperated No war or interregional trade |
