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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the main divisions of labor that are found in all societies? |
- Sex (menhunt, women gather) - Age |
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What are the pros and cons of Chiefdom societies which arebased on redistribution of resources? |
Chiefdomredistribution: - coordinatelabor Chiefdom: getresources from others and holds it in controlled location and then he decidesfor how it is given out. (not always equal) Pro: safe surplus ofstoring Cons: inequality |
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What is a Potlatch and which cultures had them? What is itsfunction and how does it benefit both chiefs and commoners? |
- Among theNorthwest Coast groups –( complex chiefdoms) From chiefs to slaves. - Potlatchis a gift giving feast = expensive object/ but also food. - Chief isthe host and clan – clan elites. - Generallyother clan’s elite is invited, and expectation that they pay back. - Its aboutbragging and prestige – bigger better potlatch gain status |
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How does chief getwealth? |
- His clan - Needs Approval from clan because they canjoin other clans. |
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Define and give an example of three types of reciprocity. |
- Generalized:family/close friends – no set time/value for repayment – not scorekeeping- Balanced:eye for eye value – equal value – set time for repayment - Negative:exchange where you get the best of the deal – cheating – loan shark |
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What are cultural leveling mechanisms? Provide an exampleand explain how and why they are used by foraging societies and why it isimportant to the stability of the group. |
- Culturalleveling mechanisms: - EX:Social Norms = rules of how you behave to society ---- undermined achievements (promotesequality and diminish accruement of wealth) - EX: KUNG:Hunter will be humble “shame the meat” --- arrow exchange |
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What are the five principle forms of Power? |
- Force - Persuasion - Authority - Coercion - Manipulation |
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What is the difference between achieved and ascribed status? |
Achieve: you gainedstatus in lifetime Ascribe: inheritedstatus |
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Described egalitarian, ranked, and stratified society. |
- Eqalitarian– basic equality within the group. (age and sex are only differences) - Rank –Differential access to prestige and authority - Stratified= unequal access to power subordinate others |
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Define gender roles, gender stratification, and genderideology. |
Gender role =assigned task for different sexes. – Women do this… Men do that….
Gender stratification= inequality = due to gender Gender ideology =beliefs that legitimized those sexes. |
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Give an example of a culture with a third gender. What wastheir social role within their culture? |
Two spirits – inbetween sexes closer ties supernatural (shamans) EX: Cheynne/Zuni – Craftsmen – basket weaving. |
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What are the factors that affect gender roles? Give anexample of each. |
Ideology: Subsistence= economics = divisions of labor |
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What is genderstratification? Why is more often associated with agricultural societies |
Genderstratification: Agricultural: Men net producers (prestige) Horticultural: plantssmall amount – close to home = allows them to produce/ child care (staying morein domestic spheres) Public DomesticDichotomy:Affianal – not byblood in laws Consanguine kin :blood kin Kinship- MaritalResidence |
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Name and describe the three main types of post maritalresidence |
Patrilocal – women golives with male’s familyMatrilocal – manlives with woman’s family. Neolocal– new household |
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Compare endogamy and exogamy- why could either be beneficialto a culture. |
Endogamy = marryingwithin a culture – pro: resources staying within group, retain culturalidentity Exogamy = marryingoutside = alliances = tap into their resources = need genetic differencesprevent inbreeding. |
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Describe the terms clan, phratry, and moiety. How are theyrelated? How are they different? |
Clan – claim pastcommon ancestor – may or may not know actually be true. Phratry – Division of2 clans Moiety – divisionwithin or between clans usually have totems. |
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What are possible advantages of the "lumping" ofkin as found in both the Omaha and Crow systems of kinship? |
Omaha system: - Ego –father and uncles all go by the term father and vice versa of girls andmothers. - Pros: intimes of need/death = role can be taken over. |
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Describe the major types of marriage systems which is mostcommon, which is most rare. |
- monogamy - polygyny - males has lots of wives (most 80% ofcultural allow it) - polyandry– women multiple husbands |
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Define the terms bride price, dowry, and bride service. Ofthe three, which is the most common? What is its purpose? |
Dowry – femalesfamily gives money to males family. (monogamy) (least common) Bridewealth – malesfamily gives money to female family (polygyny) Services –labor/services |
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Describe and give an example of an Animatism |
Animism – everythinghas a soul Animatism –everything has a supernatural power – mana; Can be manipulated for good or bad. |
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What are some functions ofreligion? |
- Keep social bonds – brings people together- Moral code – affirms world views - Explain or understand the world. |
