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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Ambilineal Descent
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This is a rule of descent that affiliates an individual with kin related to him or her through men or women.
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Rare & Confusing
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Cousins Marriage
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Triangle-male
Circle-female |
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Frequency of different types of Residence Rules.
Which is most common? |
Patrilocal
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Matrilineal Descent
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Affiliates an individual with kin of both sexes related to him or her through women only.
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Model of SocioCultural Change
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Example: Cumputers created from too much paperwork
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Patrilineal Descent
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Affiliates an individual with kin of both sexes related to him or her through men only
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Socioculture System
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they affect each other
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The Ecological Base
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A change in one effects a change in all the others
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The Evolution of the State
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State Evolution
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Some characteristics of states:
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Hierarchical and centralized decision making
Urban centers Surplus Large/varied population Full-time craft specialists Military Economic stratification Organized state religion Taxation Written language |
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But…This Comes at a Cost:
(States) |
Loss of egalitarian relations
Competition for resources Warfare Stratification within and between city-states |
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First States:
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Susa
Sumer |
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First States: Susa
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In Mesopotamia 5,500 ya
50 settlements divided into three groups: Large center called Susa Three or four “towns” Small villages Clay seals for trading |
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Sumer
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Sumer was in area of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
7,000-5,000 is formative period with population shifts due to irrigation By 5,500 ya there are cities By 5,000 ya all of Sumer is unified Sumerian empire. Capital is Warka |
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Achievements of Sumerians
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Great urban centers
Elaborate system for the administration of justice Sewer systems Specialized crafts (e.g., jewelry making, leather working, metallurgy, sculpture, etc.) Wheeled wagons, sailboats, horse-drawn chariots Much social stratification |
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5,000 yo Sumerian Ziggurats
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An example of monumental architecture
They were places of worship and centers for food distribution This structure in Warka had a temple up top |
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At Sumer, the first writing was found
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around 5,000 ya in the form of cuneiform.
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States developed in other parts of the world a little later
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Teotihuacan
a great state in Mesoamerica |
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Rise of Teotihuacan
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Formative period from 3,000 to 2,300 ya
Small villages above valley By 2,300 and 2,200 ya small elite centers in valley 2,150 ya a few thousand people in villages in the valley By 1,500 ya (A.D. 500) there are well over 100,000 |
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The Mayan
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Replica of an elite person’s burial from the Mayan site of Tikal
This person was buried in a special funeral vault lined with jaguar and ocelot skins as well as 16 lbs of jade ornaments such as the necklace, headdress, and ear spools shown here |
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Consequences of State Formation
Is “civilization” better? |
Larger and denser populations
Coordinated information Control access to land Freedom from direct food production Art, music, and literature Organized religion |
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Downfalls of Civilization
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Monopoly of force
Inequality Poor health Warfare |
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What Happened to These States?
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Environmental Degradation Theory
Overextension Theory Theory of Internal Conflicts |
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