Anth - Texting And Talking Midterm

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Metapragmatics

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How the effect and conditions of a language use themselves become an object of discourse.In Cavanaugh’s, “Accent Matters,” the Italian Mass Media is one of the primary areas of circulation of accent. Accents co-occur with other verbal and non-verbal objects, to signal people metapragmatically to certain dimensions of what they are consuming.

Prefix = Meta:Surround, circle, or encompass Suffix = Pragmatics:The study of the use of language in a social contextWikitionary Definition:Language that characterizes or describes that use of language in a social context, as a functioning form of a speech or discourse.

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Indexicality

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Pointing to a particular sign or indexing some object in which it occurs.Ex:Regional accents (indexing speakers identities)In Cavanaugh’s article, “Accent Matters,” she gives an excellent example regarding twang-style music where many may point to any singer singing twang to a specific origin most likely being ‘Southern’ or ‘rural,’ when in some cases may be far from true. Another example regarding what her article is mainly centered in (Bergamasco accent) their qualisigns of a Bergamasco accent are the shortened consonant sounds and lengthened vowels, This bundling “inescapably” includes qualities associated with working class labors and the origin of Bergamasco being known to have those working men present.

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Accents

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Verbal symbols that link materiality of the sound to sociality of vocal practice.In “Accent Matters,” the author, Cavanaugh states accent differently from the general interpretation being, objects of consumption that may strictly be identified as social practices or relatively stable attributes.Cavanaugh believes accents to be acoustical things in the world where they’d index both speakers (subject), as well as qualities detachable from these speakers, and even at times even place themselves(objects).For example:Going back to twang. It usually signifies rural root no matter who is singing, accents are verbal symbols that link “the materiality of sound to the sociality of vocal practice.”

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Language Ideologies

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Any set of beliefs or feelings about languages as used in their social worlds.In “Accent Matters,” Cavanaugh describes language ideologies as a less distinct and more broader term of describing semiotic ideologies.Semiotic Ideologies is a set of beliefs that describe how and why meaning is achieved, and may include conceptualizations of what is significant behavior, who can be designated as actors, and which parts of the material world would contain meaning.

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Iconization

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Iconization is the process by which linguistic features that index social groups or activities appear to be iconic representations. In “Accent Matters,” Cavanaugh describes Iconization as the the process of indexes becoming icons. Undetermined associations between language, and speakers for instance can thus become naturalized and made to seem necessary and true when indexes become icons.Ex: Many might categorize rough languages being spoken by rough speakers and refined languages spoken by refined speakers. This has been the case with the Bergamasco accent or with the Italian accent/any language with accents in general.

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Hegemony

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Social, cultural, ideological, or economic influence exerted by a dominant group. In the article, “Constructing Meaning and Selves by Eckert et al., they constantly refer to jocks and hegemonic masculinity.

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Ideology

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Ideology is a system of ideas that influences perception of the world.ExIn Constructing Meaning and Selves by Eckert et al., the ideological nature of the split between Jocks and Burnouts, it’s not surprising that the term, jock and burnout are used differently by people in different places in school.

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Ethnography

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Ethnography is the study of a way to describe specific community/culture/society. Bonilla and Rosa define a specific study of ethnography called hashtag ethnography.

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Semiotics

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The study of social interactions through signs or the relationship through signs.Bonilla and Rosa describe it as the study of signs and symbols and their use or interpretation which in their case was digital protest.

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Interdiscursivity

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Interdiscursivity is defined by how something differs; moving across or between discourse. Take two different or more different discourses and see how they manage themselves or work themselves, has to do with language.Bonilla and Rosa didn’t describe interdiscursivity but used it to describe hashtags having the interdiscursive capacity to lasso accompanying texts and their indexical meanings as part of a frame.

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Participation

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Goodwin describes participation as the actions demonstrating forms of involvement performed by parties within evolving structures of talk. The hearers involvement is a aspects of talk as separable features of conversational interaction. Participation is the focus of the social organization made possible through speech activities.

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Turn Constructional Unit

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Jacoby described TCU as a way scholars (who study turn-taking in everyday participation) have provided rich descriptions of many of the practices through which participants design and recognize the most basic unit of turn.

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Code-Switching

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The phenomenon of alternating between two or more languages or language varieties.Kroskrity mentions code-switching is one communicative practice that can signal discrete or hybridized identities.

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Phonology

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It is the way sounds function in a language which includes accents and which sounds are distinctive units within a language. Korskrity mentions an example of the phonology of the lower middle class New Yorkers displaying their recognition of the importance of language as an identity indicator by producing a wide range of pronunciation styles ranging from the local vernacular to the national standard.

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Style

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Style is a set of linguistic variants with specific social meanings, which include group memberships, personal attributes, or beliefs.According to the Alim’s et al. article, “Whatever,” Work on style and stylization has made productive use of Bakhtin’s (1981) notion of stylization:“an artistic representation of another’s linguistic style, an artistic image of another’s language”—with many focusing on “styling the Other,” using language and discursive practice “to appropriate, explore, reproduce or challenge influential images and stereotypes of groups that they don’t themselves (straight-forwardly) belong to” .

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Stance

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The way in which speakers position themselves in relation to the ongoing interaction.“the concept of stance is a uniquely productive way to conceptualize the processes of indexicalization that are the link between individual performance and social meaning”Work on stance in sociolinguistics examines the sociolinguistic resources and repertoires, or “forms of variation that have established social indexicalities” used to signal positionality. Sociolinguistic researchers have examined linguistic features such as the phonology, morphology, prosody, and lexis used to display stance. Work on stance from the ethnomethodological perspective of talk-’in-interaction has been concerned with how structurally different types of signs—talk and gesture—mutually elaborate each other in the course of ongoing conversation, producing contextual configurations. As speakers and hearers collaborate in the production of talk they monitor one another’s bodily alignments, gestures, and talk from moment-to-moment.

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Speech Community

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It's the way one handles questions about:Density of communication,Frequency of interaction, andShared linguistic knowledge

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Imagined Community

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Demonstrates how linguistic practices create possibilities for shared identities to be imagined“These various features—common reference points, frequency of consumption, common exposure, simultaneity—are not adequate, however, to ensure that mass media will contribute to the formation of a community (speech or otherwise) in large-scale societies. The mass mediation of large-scale societies requires that some experience of belonging and mutuality be generated as well. Anderson's notion of the imagined community is useful in this regard, because it provides a model of a community where members may not all know one another but all share an idea of belonging to a collectivity, that is, "in the minds of each lives the image of their communion.”

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Lingua Franca

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Speaking a common language between people.

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Recontextualization

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is a process that extracts text, signs or meaning from its original context in order to introduce it into another context. Since the meaning of texts and signs depend on their context, recontextualisation implies a change of meaning, and often of the communicative purpose too.

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Heteroglossia

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the term heteroglossia describes the coexistence of distinct varieties within a single "language"

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Microaggression

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Indirect, subtle or unintentional discrimination against members of a marginalized group.

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Colorblind

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An ideology that asserts we live in a world where racial privilege no longer exists even though our behavior supports racialied structures and practices.

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Positionality

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The occupation or adoption of a particular position in relation to others, usually with reference to issues of culture, ethnicity, or gender.

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Modalities

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A particular mode in which something exists or is experienced or expressed.

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Discourse

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Language in context. Denotes the written and spoken communications of a language. Discourse is an entity of sequences, of signs, in that they are statements in conversation.