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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Evolution
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The change in the properties of populations of organisms that occur over time.
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Natural Selection
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The mechanism of evolutionary change; changes in traits of living organisms that occur over time as a result of differences in reproductive success among individuals.
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Mutation
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A random change in genetic material; the ultimate source of all biological variation.
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Genetic Drift
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Changes in the frequencies of specific traits caused by random factors.
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Arboreal
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Tree-dwelling
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Termite fishing
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The learned use of twigs or blades of grass to extact termites from their mounds characteristic of some groups of chimpanzees.
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Genus
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In biological classification, a group of similar species.
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Species
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In biological classifcation, a group of organisms whose members are similar to one another and are able to reproduce with one another but not with members of other species.
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Bipedalism
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Walking on two feet, a distinctive characteristic of humans and our ancestors.
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Australopithecines
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Members of an early hominid genus found in Africa and characterized by bipedal locomotion and small brain size.
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Omnivore
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An animal that eats both plant and animal foods.
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Homo habilis
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A species of early human found in Africa. Homo habilis were present between 2.5 and 1.8 million years ago.
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Oldowan Tools
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Stone tools made by Homo habilis
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Homo erectus
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A species of early human found in Africa, Asia, and Europe. Homo erectus were present between 1.8 million and about 20,000 years ago.
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Homo sapiens
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A species of human found throughout the world. The earliest Homo sapiens appeared about 500,000 years ago.
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Neandertal
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Members of a population of archaic Homo sapiens that lived between 130,000 and 35,000 years ago.
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Multiregional model
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A theory that seeks to explain the transition from Homo erectus to Homo sapiens by arguing that different populations of Homo sapiens are descendant from different populations of Homo erectus.
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Replacement model
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The theory that modern people evolved first in Africa and then spread out to inhabit virtually all the world, outcompeting or destroying other human populations in the process.
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Hybridization model
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A theory that seeks to explain the transition from archaic to modern Homo sapiens by proposing that modern and archaic forms interbred.
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atlatl
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A spear thrower, a device used to increase and extend the power of the human arm when throwing a spear.
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"Venus" figurines
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Small stylized statues of females made in a variety of materials by early modern humans.
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Clinal distribution
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The frequency change of a particular trait as you move geographically from one point to another.
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Melnain
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A pigment found in the skin, hair, and eyes of huamn beings, as well as many other species, that is responsible for variations in color.
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Rickets
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A childhood disease characterized by the softening and bendings of leg and pelvis bones. Rickets is related to insufficiency of vitamin D and/or calcium.
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