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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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POPULATION |
Total genetic variation of individuals |
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EVOLUTION |
Shift in gene frequencies between generations |
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BIOLOGICAL SPECIES |
Can interbreed and create fertile offspring |
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PALEOSPECIES |
Identified from fossils based on anatomy |
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RING SPECIES |
ex: herring gulls in Arctic, salamanders in Cali. |
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TAXONOMY |
Reflects phylogeny, evolution family tree |
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HARDY-WEINBERG EQUILIBRIUM |
If gene frequencies stay the same, a population is not evolving (equilibrium) |
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SPECIATION |
Populations evolve to become distinct species |
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EXAPTATION |
When evolution tweaks old structures for new functions (ex: feathers, hands) |
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ARCHAEOPTERYX |
Bird & reptile features |
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CERATOPLASIANS |
Earliest species defined by beak & neck frill |
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CONVERGENT EVOLUTION |
Independent evolution of similar traits in distantly related species |
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HOMOLOGY |
Similar biology via shared ancestry |
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ANALOGY |
Similar via converging evolution |
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PARALLEL EVOLUTION |
Independent evolution of similar traits in closely related species |
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GENE EXPRESSION |
Chromosomes come in pairs |
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GENOTYPE |
Genetic makeup of 2 alleles for a give locus |
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PHENOTYPE |
The visible product of the genotype |
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MACROEVOLUTION |
New species formed via reproductive isolation & time, ex: whale hind legs, flatfish |
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MICROEVOLTUTION |
Change within a species that occurs over time, ex: bacteria resistant to antibiotics |
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BIOGEOGRAPHY |
Where species live |
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FOUNDER EFFECT |
Type of genetic drift, Island of Tristan da Cunha |
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INDRICOTHERIUM |
Largest land mammal ever |
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ARISTOTLE |
Nature is ordered form highest to lowest forms of life |
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USSHER |
Claimed world was made in 4004 BC |
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LINNAEUS |
Father of Taxonomy, genus species (Homo sapien) |
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CUVIER |
Catastrophism, Earth was static with periodic catastrophes |
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LYELL |
Uniformitarianism, geology changed the Earth slowly, "deep time" |
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LAMARCK |
Inheritance of acquired characteristics, ex: giraffe |
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PALEY |
Nature's design has a designer |
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DARWIN |
On HMS Beagle: found seashells in hills of Chile, hardened lava variation--all individual animals are unique. Species adapted to their environments |
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MALTHUS |
More people & organisms are born than can survive |
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WALLACE |
Co-discoverer of natural selection |
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NATURAL SELECTION |
Population remains stable despite potential to increase exponentially. Variation exists within species, some is heritable |
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PEPPERED MOTH |
Natural Selection: 1 species, 2 kinds (dark & light)--by 1895, 98% of moths in Manchester were dark |
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FORMS OF EVOLUTION |
Mutation, Natural Selection, Gene Flow, Genetic Drift, Sexual Selection |
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MUTATION |
Random change in DNA |
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GENE FLOW |
Exchange of genes between populations |
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GENETIC DRIFT |
Random change in gene frequencies--affected by probability & population size |
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SEXUAL SELECTION |
Trait chosen in one sex by the other (ex: lions man, peacock tail) |
