Anth 45 Exam 2

Front 1

said breasts are part of culture and so is mother

Back 1

strauss

Front 2

boys react more to this type of cue

Back 2

visual

Front 3

girls react more to this type of cue

Back 3

auditory

Front 4

made a large, comprehensive list of aspects of culture that should be found everywhere

Back 4

murdock

Front 5

murdock's list of universal aspects of culture

Back 5

division of labor
etiquette
gift giving
incest taboos
kin terminology
marriage
modesty
mourning
meal times
personal names
dream interpretation

Front 6

2 kinds of dream interpretation

Back 6

literal - go shoot deer, eat meat
figurative - fly to top of tree, dive into lake

Front 7

foragers - close to equator - ?

Back 7

longer growing season, women provide a higher percentage of food because much diversity in plants, and an abundance of them too

Front 8

foraging worldwide patterns

Back 8

-sexual division of labor - men hunt, women gather
-relative contribution of men vs women - men moreso farther from equator
-foragers map onto their resources (follow resources)

Front 9

foragers when all together

Back 9

maximal band

Front 10

foragers when in extended family

Back 10

minimal band

Front 11

foragers when in 2 or 3 extended families

Back 11

medial band

Front 12

live in high areas. assembled in max band on floor of valley, lived on stored food. spring - harvest early blooming plants, moved into mountain slopes, breaking into smaller groups, hunted deer. stayed in minimal bands all summer, in fall - aggregate briefly into maximal bands, hunted rabbits, dispersed again into medial bands, went to rows of pines that had nuts, lived there for winter on nuts/rabbits

Back 12

paiute

Front 13

swiddeners

Back 13

slash and burn

Front 14

live in salt, breed in fresh water

Back 14

anadramous

Front 15

cultivated plants have bigger food parts called

Back 15

cultivars

Front 16

main producers in horticultural societies?

Back 16

women

Front 17

foraging ended when?

Back 17

10,000 years ago

Front 18

plots are planted for two or three years, allowed to rest for three to five, and then recultivated. after several cycles, there is a longer fallow period. This is known as

Back 18

sectorial fallowing

Front 19

key difference between horticulture and agriculture

Back 19

hort uses a fallow period while ag does not

Front 20

people whose activities focus on such domesticated animals as cattle, sheep, goats, cames and yak

Back 20

pastoralists

Front 21

how do pastoralists get crops

Back 21

trade with cultivators or so some cultivating/gathering themselves

Front 22

the two patterns of movement that occur with pastoralism

Back 22

nomadism and transhumance

Front 23

type of pastoralism: the entire group - men women and children - move with the animals throughout the year

Back 23

pastoral nomadism

Front 24

type of pastoralism: part of the group moves with the herds, but most people stay in the home village

Back 24

transhumance

Front 25

system of production, distribution, and consumption of resources

Back 25

economy

Front 26

study of systems of production, distribution, and consumption of resources

Back 26

economics

Front 27

set of scoial relations through which labor is deploed to wrest energy from nature by means of tools, skills, organization, and knowledge

Back 27

mode of production

Front 28

the three means of production

Back 28

land, labor, technology

Front 29

describes an unequal distribution of rewards (power, prestige, human rights, personal freedom) between men and women, relecting their different positions in a social heirarchy

Back 29

gender stratification

Front 30

residence after the wedding with the wife's family

Back 30

matrilocal

Front 31

residence after the wedding with the husband's family

Back 31

patrilocal

Front 32

matrilineal-matrilocal systems tend to occur when?

Back 32

in societies where population pressure on strategic resources is minimal and warfare is infrequent

Front 33

name for senor women

Back 33

matrons

Front 34

mother-centered, often with no resident husband-father

Back 34

matrifocal

Front 35

family in which one is born and grows up

Back 35

family of orientation

Front 36

formed when one marries and has children

Back 36

family of procreation

Front 37

term for when married couples are expected to establish a new place of residence

Back 37

neolocality

Front 38

kin units formed when parents remarry and bring children into a new household

Back 38

blended families

Front 39

permanent social unit whose members say they have ancestors in common

Back 39

descent group

Front 40

people join the mother's group automatically at birth and stay members throughout life

Back 40

matrilineal descent

Front 41

people automtically join the father's group for lifetime

Back 41

patrilineal descent

Front 42

patrilineal descent and matrilineal descent are both examples of

Back 42

unilineal descent

Front 43

this type of group has an apical ancestor that is not a human but an animal or plant

Back 43

clan

Front 44

two types of descent groups

Back 44

lineages and clans

Front 45

this descent group uses demonstrated descent, members can recite names of forebears

Back 45

lineage

Front 46

use stipulated descent; clan members say they descend from apical ancestor and can't trace actual lineage

Back 46

stipulated descent

Front 47

when people can change their descent group, pick which one they want, and be a member of more than one descent group

Back 47

ambilineal descent

Front 48

tends to have higher divorce rates and greater female promiscuity (patrilineal or matrilineal)

Back 48

matrilineal

Front 49

iroquois, tell me about them..

Back 49

matrilineal, marry your cross cousins!

Front 50

Crow.. what are they?

Back 50

matrilineal, mother's side down one

Front 51

omaha

Back 51

patrilineal, father's side down one