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148 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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THE AREA FROM LAS VEGAS, NEVADA IN THE WEST TO LAS VEGAS, NEW MEXICO IN THE EAST, AND FROM DURANGO, MEXICO, IN THE SOUTH TO DURANGO, COLORADO, IN THE NORTH.
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THE SOUTHWEST
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IT IS ALSO AN AREA OF ENVIRONMENTAL
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CONTRASTS
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IT IS A REGION OF DRAMATIC ENVIRON CONTRASTS, BETWEEN DESERTS AND
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FORESTED MTN RANGES
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AREAS OF WHAT KIND OF RAINFAL
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LOW-MODERATE
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THE DISTINGUISHING FEATURE
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AGRICULTURE
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THE SECOND DISTINGUISHING FEATURE:
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THE ABSENCE OF FORMAL SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
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ALTHOUGH THEY DIFFERED A LOT FROM OTHERS, THEY STILL
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TRADED WITH THEM
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THEY WERE ABLE TO DO WHAT WITH MESOAMERICAN FARMING TECH?
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ADAPT IT TO THE SW
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THE SECRET TO SURVIVAL WAS
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FLEXIBILITY
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SW SOCIETIES WERE IN A CONSTANT STATE OF
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CULTURAL CHANGE
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MANY SW GROUPS STILL
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EXIST
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YUMAN-SPEAKING PEOPLE PRACTICE
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FLOODPLAIN AGRICULTURE
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BUT STILL RELY HEAVILY ON
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HG
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SOCIALLY, THEY WERE VERY GOOD AT
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TRADE
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WHO LIVED IN S ARIZONA, SONORA, AND N MEXICO?
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THE O'ODHAM
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THEIR LANGUAGE?
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UTO-AZTECAN
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THEY LIVE IN HARSH... AND RUGGED... BUT ALSO SOME LUSH...
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DESERTS; UPLANDS; RIVER VALLEYS
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THEY LIVE IN SMALL
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HAMLETS
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THE PUEBLO INDIANS LIVE IN
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ARIZONA AND NM
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THIS INCLUDES THE HOPI, WHO LIVE IN THE
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TABLELANDS
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THE ZUNI LIVE NEAR THE
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ZUNI RIVER
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IN
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NM
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PUEBLO GRPS LIVE IN WHAT KIND OF SETTLEMENTS?
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COMPACT ONES
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THEY RELY MAINLY ON
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HG
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THEIR BUILDING MATERIALS
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STONE AND ADOBE
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SOME BUILDINGS ARE EVEN
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MULTI-STOREYED
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ALL PUEBLOS HAVE KIVAS, OR...
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CEREMONIAL ROOMS
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HOPI ARE A BRANCH OF
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WESTERN PUEBLO
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THEIR CLANS ARE
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MATRILINEAL
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APACHE AND NAVAJO SPEAK
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ATHABASKAN
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THIER ANCESTRAL HOMELAND IF FAR NORTH IN
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CANADA
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AS EARLY AS AD1450, THEY MAY HAVE
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ENTERED THE SW
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TABLELANDS ARE ALSO KNOWN AS
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MESAS
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THE VOLCANIC DEPOSITS WERE GOOD SOUCES OF
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OBSIDIAN
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TO THE EAST, THE SW SPILLS OVER INTO THE
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SOUTHERN ROCKY MTNS
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PROVIDING A SIGNIFICANT WHAT THAT IS GOOD FOR FARMERS?
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WATERSHED
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RAINFALL AND DROUGHT IN THE SW ARE
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UNPREDICTABLE
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ON THE COLORADO PLATEAU, FARMERS RELIED ON
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SPRINGS AND NATURAL SEEPS
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IN THE RIO GRANDE AREA,
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IRRIGATION WAS IMPORTANT
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ALTHOUGH THERE WERE SOMETIMES
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FLOODS
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WHAT MAKES IT HARD TO PREDICT HARVESTS?
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ERRATIC WEATHER PATTERNS
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THEREFORE PEOPLE
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MOVED A LOT
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ANCIENT HUNTERS WENT AFTER
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SMALL GAME
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SOME GROUPS DOMESTICATED WHAT FOR FOOD?
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TURKEY
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AND EVERYONE OWNED
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DOGS
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BUT THE MAIN STAPLE FOR PPL FOR THE PAST 2000 YEARS WAS
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CORN
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IN HIGH ALTITUDE AREAS, AGRICULTURE IS
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RISKIER
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THE GROWING SEASON IS OFTEN
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TOO SHORT
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AND EACH YEAR
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THAT VARIES
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SUCCESSFUL AGRICULTURE IN THE SW RELIES ON 2
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WATER AND PLACEMENT
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THE LOWER PECOS VALLEY AND SW TEXAS WAS
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BRUSHLAND AND MARSHES
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IN THE EARLY HOLOCENE THERE WAS
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PINON
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AND WHAT KIND OF WOODLAND?
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JUNIPER
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BETWEEN 6500-4000BC, IT GAVE WAY TO
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CACUS VEGETATION
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PPL HAD TO ADAPT TO
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DRIER CONDITIONS
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NA ARCH LITERALLY WHAT IN THE SW
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CAME OF AGE
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AT PECOS PUEBLO, NEW MEXICO, ALFRED KIDDER DID WHAT KIND OF RESEARCHES?
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STRATIGRAPHIC
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HE WANTED TO TIE TOGETHER WHAT OF DIFFERENT AREAS?
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CULTURAL DEV'TS
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THE PECOS CLASSIFICATION WAS BASED ON 4
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1. ARCHITECTURE
2. POTTERY 3. TOOLS 4. SKELETAL CHARACTERISTICS |
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AT THE TIME, TREE-RING CHRON
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WAS JUST STARTING
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THE ORIGINAL SCHEME CONSISTED OF HOW MANY CULTURE STAGES?
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8
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BASKETMAKER I WAS PRE-WHAT? A TERM NOW COVERED BY WHAT TERM?
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PRE-AGRICULTURAL; ARCHAIC
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BASKETMAKER II: IS SOMETIMES JUST CALLED
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BASKETMAKER
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IN BASKETMAKER II, PPL WERE DOING WHAT AND USING WHAT?
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FARMING; SPEARTHROWERS
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BASKETMAKER III: SOMETIMES CALLED
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POST-BASKETMAKER
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BASKETMAKER III : PEOPLE CRAFTED WHAT, AND LIVED IN WHAT OR WHAT HOUSES?
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POTTERY; PIT OR SLAB HOUSES
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ANASAZI MEANS
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EARLY ANCESTORS
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BUT IS OFTEN TRANSLATED TO MEAN
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OLD PEOPLE
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SOME PUEBLO GROUPS
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FIND THIS OFFENSIVE
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THEREFORE, THIS TERM IS USED:
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ANCESTRAL PUEBLO
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RECENT RESEARCHES ARE STILL TOO
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LINEAR
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AND DON'T MIRROR ENOUGH OF THE
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DIVERSITY
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SW PAST BEGINS WITH WHAT TRADITION BEFORE 5500BC?
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PALEO-INDIAN
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AFTER THAT, BETWEEN 5500BC-AD200 IS THE
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SOUTHWESTERN ARCHAIC
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WHEN WHICH CULTURES FLOURISHED?
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PUEBLO
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THE LATER PAST IS NOW DIVIDED INTO HOW MANY MAJOR CULTURAL TRADITIONS?
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4
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?AD1-MODERN TIMES IS THE ...OR...
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ANCESTRAL PUEBLO OR ANASAZI
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INCLUDES SUCH MAJOR DEV'TS AS: 2
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1)CHACO CANYON
2)AND MESA VERDE |
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C. AD400-1500 IS CALLED THE
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HOHOKAM
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IN O'ODHAM, THIS MEANS:
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"THOSE WHO HAVE GONE"
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IT DIFFERS FROM ANCESTRAL PUEBLO BY HAVING WHAT KIND OF DWELLINGS?
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RECTANGULAR ONES
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IT ALSO HAS WHAT KIND OF MOUNDS?
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LOW-PLATFORM MOUNDS
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WHAT FOR GAMES?
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BALL COURTS
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FUNERARY
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CREMATIONS
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AND RELIANCE ON EXTENSIVE
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IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
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AS WELL AS ITS PADDLE-AND-ANVIL...
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DECORATED POTTERY
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?250BC-C.AD1450 IS THE
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MOGOLLON
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NAMED AFTER WHAT?
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THE MTNS ITS CENTERED ON
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THE MTNS ARE NAMED AFTER AN EARLY
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SPANISH GOVERNOR
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OF WHERE?
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NEW MEXICO
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IT HAS DISTINCTIVE BROWN OR RED
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CERAMICS
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AD875-MODERN IS
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PATAYAN
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ALSO COMES FROM YUMAN FOR
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"OLD PEOPLE"
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THE TERM: PEOPLE ARE RIGHT NOW
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TRYING TO REPLACE IT
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THIS INADEQUATE SCHEME WAS PUT TOGETHER BEFORE
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RADIOCARBON DATING EXISTED
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EVEN DENDROCHRONOLOGY
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WAS IN ITS INFANCY
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IT IS USEFUL ONLY AS A
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BASIC FRAME OF REFERENCE
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10,500-C. 7500BC: THESE DATES ARE KNOWN AS
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THE PALEO-INDIAN TRADITION
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10,500-C. 7500BC: THERE IS WELL-DOCUMENTED WHAT AND WHAT OCCUPATION IN THE SW
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CLOVIS AND FOLSOM
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ASSOC WITH THE BONES OF
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EXTINCT MEGAFAUNA
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6500BC-AD200: PERIOD
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SOUTHWEST ARCHAIC
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THE CLIMATE WARMED UP DURING THE
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MIDDLE HOLOCENE
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PEOPLE RELIED MOST ON 2
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PLANTS AND SMALL ANIMALS
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THE BEGINNING OF THE ARCHAIC COICIDED WITH WHAT WEATHER
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DRIER
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WOODLANDS
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RETREATED
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AFTER 2500BC, THING MAY HAVE BEEN
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WETTER
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THE ARCH RECORD IS VERY INCOMPLETE, EXCEPT FOR
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CAVES AND ROCKSHELTERS
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WHEN IT WAS DRIER, PPL TENDED TO LIVE
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AT HIGHER ELEVATIONS
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THE SAN JUAN BASIN AND BLACK MESA ALSO SAW ...HUMAN SETTLEMENT
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SPORADIC
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WHAT PLAYED AN IMPORTANT PART IN THEIR ABILITY TO ADAPT TO DRIER ENVIRONMENTS?
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WELL-DIGGING
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IN SOME RESPECT, THE STUDY OF THE SW ARCHAIC HAS PARALLELED THAT OF
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THE GREAT BASIN
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THE CONECP OF A 'DESERT CULTURE' SPARKED A NEW GENERATIO FO REASEARCH INTO THE WHAT?
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HOLOCENE CLIMATE CHANGE
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AND THE HUMAN
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RESPONSE TO CHANGING CONDITIONS
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SULPHUR SPRING, CHIRICACHUA, AND SAN PEDRO ARE THREE PARTS OF WHAT?
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COCHISE CULTURE
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IT IS HARD TO STUDY THE SW BECAUSE
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THE PEOPLE DIFFERED SO GREATLY BETWEEN GROUPS AND OVER TIME
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CYNTHIA IRWIN-WILLIAMS TWO LEVELS OF ANALYSIS
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1. INTEGRATIVE
2. ISOLATIVE |
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INTEGRATIVE IDENTIFIED TRAITS THAT WERE
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Common to many local cultures
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ISOLATIVE ANALYSIS ISOLATED:
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SMALL TRAITS THAT DISTINGUISHED LOCAL CULTURES FROM ONE ANOTHER
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A GOOD EXAMPLE OF ISOLATIVE IS
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PROJECTILE POINTS
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FLUTED, STEMMED ARE TWO OF ROBER MUSIL'S THREE MAJOR
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HAFTING TRADITIONS
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IN THE SW, USING POINTS TO DISTINGUISH GRPS IS HARD BECAUSE SECURELY...
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DATED SITES ARE HARD TO FIND
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C. 6500BC-C. AD200+: IS KNOWN AS THE
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SAN-DIEGUITO-PINTO TRADITION
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THEIR STEMS ARE...AND THEIR BASES...
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STRAIGHT; CONCAVE
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THEY EXTEND FROM S CA DEEP INTO
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S ARIZONA
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C. 5500BC-C. AD600 IS WHAT? (NC NEW MEXICO, THE SAN JUAN BASIN, THE RIO GRANDE VALLEY, S COLORADO, AND SOUTHEASTERN UTAH)
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OSHARA TRADITION
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MAY HAVE ANCESTRAL ROOTS IN
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PALEO-INDIAN TRADITIONS
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PRE-5000-C. 200BC: IS KNOWN AS THE
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COCHISE TRADITION
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ITS EARLIEST MANIFESTATIONS WERE KNOWN AS
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SULPHUR SPRING
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ITS LATER PHASES, CHIRICAHUA AND SAN PEDRO ARE
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BETTER KNOWN
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?6000BC-C.AD250 IS
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CHIHUAHUA TRADITION
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CLAUDIA AND MICHAEL BERRY POINTED OUT THAT THE MOSAIC CAN'T BE UNDERSTOOD ON WHAT BASIS ALONE
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A LOCAL BASIS
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MANY PROJECTILE POINT FORMS WERE ALSO
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WIDESPREAD IN OTHER PLACES
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THE BERRYS BELIEVE THAT CLIMATE DOESN'T HAVE MUCH TO DO WITH
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POPULATION DENSITY
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BERRY PERIOD I: WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT PEOPLE IN THIS PERIOD? (8000-3000BC)
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ALMOST NOTHING
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BERRY PERIOD II: (3000 TO 1000BC) THERE WAS A WHAT OF CULTURAL ACTIVITY?
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PEAK
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BERRY PERIOD III: 1000BC-AD500 OCCURED RIGHT AROUND
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A DROUGHT
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THE PECOS CANYONLANDS LIE AROUND THE PECOS AND DEVILS RIVER WITH THE RIO GRANDE IN THE EXTREME
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SOUTHWESTERN TEXAS
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THE CANYONLANDS ARE FAMOUS FOR THEIR: 2
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DRY CAVES AND PICTOGRAPHS
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...LIES WITHIN THE AREA, THE SOUTHERNMOST, AND EARLIEST KNOWN...IN THE AMERICAS
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BONFIRE SHELTER; BISON JUMP
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WHICH HUNTERS ALSO STAMPEDED THREE HERDS OVER THE CLIFF?
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LATE ARCHAIC HUNTERS
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WHAT DO THE DRY CAVES OF THE LOWER PCOS PROVIDE?
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PERISHABLE MATERIAL CULTURE OF ARCHAIC GROUPS
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THESE PPL USED A LOT OF
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FIBERS
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A DRY SITE HIGH IN A CANYON ABOVE A TRIBUTARY OF THE DEVILS RIVER.
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BAKER CAVE
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WHAT SEQUENCE IS FOUND THERE?
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AN ARCHAIC
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AT THE SITE THERE ARE PERISHABLE ARTIFACTS LIKE
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SANDALS
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AND ALSO AREAS FOR THINGS LIKE 2
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SLEEPING AND COOKING
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THE SITE WAS USED AS LATE AS AD 1400...
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MANY TIMES
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THE LOWER PECOS AREA IS BEST KNOWN FOR ITS ROCK ART, BOTH
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PICTOGRAPHS AND PETROGLYPHS
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