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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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george bass 3 |
father of underwater archaeology. developed standard procedure for excavating underwater. excavated uluburn |
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mehmet çakir 2 |
discovered uluburn in 1982. turkish sponge diver |
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çemal pulak |
excavated uluburn in 1984-1994 |
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Robert ballard |
led expedition of titanic |
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ignatius donnelly |
publish atlantis. believed ppl of mesoamerica had crossed atlantic over antediluvian land bridge (prob not tho)
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george mcjunkin. |
black cowboy. discovered animals bones in association with spear points
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jesse figgins |
identified the animal remains found by george mcjunkin |
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christy turner |
did dental studies on native americans and north asians (both sinodonts) linked that ppl came to america from asia |
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tom dillehay |
discovered monte verde, chile |
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thomas jefferson |
father of american archaeology. excavated many burial mounds (found they were made by native americans) |
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squier and david |
mapped the serpent mounds (cincinnati ohio) |
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frederick w. putnam |
excavated the serpent mounds (1888-1890) |
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warren moorhead |
excavated cahokia (missippian site near illinois) determined it was made by humans |
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nicholas bellantoni |
state archaeologist of CT |
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matthew sterling |
studies olmec colossal heads |
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john llyod stevens |
1st westerner to document maya area. travelled w frederick catherwood and publish successful book |
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bishop landa |
studied maya hieroglyphs (said quote about people burning books and regretting) recorded maya syllables alongside sounds of romance alphabet |
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sir eric thompson |
proposed that writing was ideographic (represented ideas rather than phonemes or syllables) |
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yuri knorosov |
soviet epigrapher. discovered that by combining consonants and vowels words were formed phonetically (mayan hierogylphs) |
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tatiana proskouriakoff |
discovered that dates on stelae marked historical events in life of the ruler (mortal not gods) |
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alberto ruz lhuiller |
excavated palenque (mayan site) discovered lord pacal sarcophagus |
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hiram bingham |
"rediscovered" macchu picchu 1908 (inca site) |
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eric von däniken |
convinced that ancient civilizations were influenced by aliens and ancients were too stupid to realize.use lord pacals sarcophagus and pyramids as evidence |
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kennewick man |
discovered during boat race. 7500 BC. features atypical. large debate to rebury him (found in washington) |
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lord pacal |
mayan word for "shield". found at palenque. most powerful ruler (615 AD) |
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quetzalcoatl |
aztec god. temple of the feathered serpent (in teotihuacan) important deity |
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huitzilopochtli |
aztec sun/war god. quetzalcoatl received a vision from him. told him to settle where a eagle is holding a snake on top of cactus (ended up being tenochtitlan) |
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hernan cortes |
spanish conquistador. defeated aztecs. took rule from moctezuma. defeated in la triste noche and did 91 day siege |
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geronimo de aguilar |
spanish and maya translator for hernan cortes |
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la malinch |
nahuatl and maya translator for cortes |
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moctezuma |
aztec ruler. believed cortes was qeutzalcoatl and didnt kill him (blew it) |
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wayna capac |
inca ruler. died of small pox. led to civil war between his sons. atahuallpa won (vs huasca) |
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sapa inca pachacuti |
built cuzco (inca capital) "he who makes the world" transformed city and empire |
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francisco pizarro |
pretended to be a diplomat w inca. captured and killed atahuallpa once he came to power. took cuzco |
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huasca |
son of wayna capac. lost war against bro |
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atahuallpa |
son of wayna capac. won bar against brother. killed by pizzaro |
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william occam. |
14th century english philosopher. occam's razor. "entities should not be multiplied unnecessarily" simpler is better |
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uluburun (where, when, what) |
coast of southern turkey. late bronze age 1305 BC. underwater, discovered by mehmet cakir, cargo ship, epitomizes long distance trade |
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RMS titanic |
expedition led by robert ballard. excavated a lot. some ethic probs |
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mary rose (where, when, what) |
coast of southern england. sunk 1545. war ship comissioned by king henry 8 sunk by french |
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bering land bridge (beringia) |
open 75-74 kya and 25-11 kya. most probable route of how ppl got to americas. links alaska and siberia. |
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paisley caves (where, when, what) |
oregon. 14,250 (pre-clovis). DNA confirms asian ancestry. dennis jenkins did new excavation |
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monte verde (where, when, what) |
chile. 13,000 (pre-clovis) discovered by tom dillehay, water logged, broad spectrum foraging (year round occupation) used plants for medicine |
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serpent mound (where, who) |
ohio. mapped by squire and david. excavated by fredick putnam. few artifacts no burials |
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cahokia (where, when, what) |
illinois near st. louis (600-1250 CE) excavated by warren moorhead, largest precontant city. mound 72 and monks mound |
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chaco canyon (where, when, what) |
new mexico. 100 CE. towns planned and connect by roads, great houses and villages (pueblo bonito) long distance trade, agriculture required control of flood waters. major center |
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pueblo bonito (where, when, what) |
in chaco canyon in New mexio. (861-1115 CE) important great house, over 600 rooms |
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palenque |
mexico. classic period. important center associated w north. had lord pacals tomb
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chichen itza |
mexico, 600 AD-1200 AD. ballcourt (largest in meso-america) ritual game (creation story, entrance to underworld, avoid warfare) losers decapitated |
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teotihuacan |
mexico. 500 AD. not aztec but in same area. "city of the gods". important trade. avenue of dead. pyramids of sun, moon, feathered serpent |
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tenochtitlan |
mexico. 1325 AD. aztec capital. "place of the fruit of prickly pear cactus". craft production, redistribution, trade. became largest city in america. semi-divine emperor. worshipped quezalcoatl and huitzilopochtli |
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cuzco |
peru. 1538-1471 AD. capital of inca. sacred home of sun god. built by sapa inca pachacuti. puma shaped city |
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machu picchu |
peru. 1450 AD. located on eastern frontier of empire |
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set of artifacts from ulu burn (age/site) |
uluburn. late bronze age- 1305 BC. cargo ship. 354 copper oxhide ingots. terebinth resin for mummifaction. elephant tusks/hippo teeth. ceramics. gold. epitomizes long distance trade and international commerce. jewelry, tools, weapons |
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clovis points |
characteristics of clovis culture (viewed as first culture in americas- founded in clovis NM) |
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folsom points |
first founded by george mcjunkin
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lord pacal's sarcophagus lid |
depicts lord pacal at the moment of falling/ ascending from the underworld and reborn. tree of life. dates on edge show dynastic history. portraits of relatives and advisors (line top and bottom) |
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NAGPRA (stand for and what is it) |
native american graves protection and repatriation act. native american groups have rights over human remains and cultural materials now in museums. illegal to excavate remains - must be repatriated |
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context of archaeological finds |
context = 3D, in situ location, necessary for accurate interpretations of archaeological material |
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underwater archaeology (and 2 types) |
submerged settlements (ohallo 2) and shipwrecks. great preservation. required modified excavation techniques |
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peopling of the americas |
used being land bring. 12 kya |
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meso-america shared traditions |
calendars, astronomy, bark-paper books, trade and alliances, royal power, ball game, blood debt to ancestors |
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belief systems of aztec |
believed they were the chosen people of the sun god and could keep him alive with human sacrifice (acquired from conquered tribes) |
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demise of aztecs |
hernan cortes la triste notre foreign disease killed them |
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inca belief systems |
rulers were living sons of inti (inca sun god) believe all of rulers property goes with him into death so sons must buy more expanding the empire |
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demise of the inca |
francisco pizarro pretended to be a diplomat. atahuallpa became ruler after civil war. francisco killed him and took over |
