Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Name the 4 Subfields of Anthropology. |
*Cultural Anth - Modern cultures *Archaeology - Past cultures *Biological Anth - Evolution, bones, DNA, primates *Linguistics - Study of Language |
|
|
What does Cultural Anthropology study? |
Modern cultures |
|
|
What does Archaeology study? |
Past cultures |
|
|
What does Biological Anthropology study? |
Evolution, bones, DNA, and primates |
|
|
What does Linguistics study? |
Language |
|
|
What are Ethnohistoric records? |
Documents about Native Americans, which were written by people who lived on the frontier. |
|
|
What are the 3 types of Absolute-relative dating? |
*C14 (carbon dating) - organic material only *Dendrochronology - Overlapping the tree rings of trees with a wide range of age. *Stratigraphy - Ground dating, studies rock layers, seriation = series of dates (styles) |
|
|
What types of objects can be dated using C14 (carbon dating)? |
Only organic materials. |
|
|
What is Dendrochronology?
|
Overlapping the tree rings of trees with a wide range of age. |
|
|
What is Stratigraphy? |
Ground dating. It studies rock layers.
|
|
|
What happens in evolution? |
Nature produces variation, and the fittest survive. |
|
|
What is fit? |
Live to the age of reproduction and pass on genes (make babies!) |
|
|
Explain the Galapagos example of niches |
14 types of finches |
|
|
Explain the Amazon example of niches |
1 type of finch |
|
|
When/ where did the term "race" start? |
America in the 1700's |
|
|
What is "race" |
A cultural construction |
|
|
What is clinal variation? |
A gradual change in an inherited characteristic across the geographic range of a species. |
|
|
Why is there no such thing as race? |
There is more variation within groups, than between different groups. Humans share over 99% of our DNA. We are one of the youngest species on the planet! |
|
|
The earliest archaeological evidence for the First Americans dates back to when? |
15 k.y.a. |
|
|
Language and DNA suggest that the First Americans came when? |
Earlier than 20 k.y.a. |
|
|
Political reasons for believing the First American arrival as recent: |
*Lost tribes of Israel *Don't feel bad about taking their land -- "They haven't been here that long anyway" |
|
|
What was debatably the first way people came to America? |
Coastal migration |
|
|
What is an Atlatl? |
A spear thrower - hooked piece of wood |
|
|
What are Clovis points? |
large spear points |
|
|
What is the Clovis barrier? |
Date of one of the first Native American archaeological sites |
|
|
What are Megafauna? |
Ice age, large animals - Niche (cold, tall grass, less trees = large grazers = large carnivores (Niche) |
|
|
Monte Verde |
Archaeological site in Chili. 1st to break the Clovis barrier. Good preservation (bog). Significantly large & good plant/animal diversity |
|
|
Meadowcroft Rockshelter |
North American Pre-Clovis site (cave) Stratified (stratigraphy) Possibly much earlier (not actually artifacts, coal/C14) rocks falling |
|
|
What is NAGPRA? |
Pre-Columbus human remains - give back in 1 month The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act. |
|
|
When was the Paleo Period? |
> 8,000 B.C. |
|
|
When was the Archaic Period? |
8,000 B.C - 500 B.C. |
|
|
When was the Woodland period? |
< 500 B.C. |
|
|
Describe the Paleo Period |
Specialized diet, small sites, mostly stone tools |
|
|
Describe a Hunter gatherer lifestyle |
Small, kin-based groups, seasonal movement to exploit resources, people were all equal but could gain status, 20-30 hours of work/week |
|
|
Describe the Archaic Period |
End of ice age, hunting larger variety of smaller animals, long distance trade, increasing population and social stratification. |
|
|
Koster |
Unusually large archaic site, unusually deep stratigraphy. *Good example of transition to sedentary life in the archaic. *Introduction to public archaeology |
|
|
How were bison killed? |
Speared, driven off cliffs, trapped in arroyos |
|
|
What is pemmican? |
50/50 mix of meat and fat |
|
|
Olson Chubbuck |
Used once - 150 bison killed (bone whistle) |
|
|
Head Smashed In |
Used many times, had infrastructure |
|
|
Is bison hunting associated with shamanism? |
Yes.
-Bone whistles, Olsen Chubbuck, and ethnohistoric records. |
|
|
Know about tipis. |
Great for mobile people. |
|
|
Tipis are rare in archaeological context |
GL |
|
|
EgPn375 |
Bison hunting site: -Stone circle from tipi, hearth, altar |
|
|
Space organization in tipis: Draw where 7 objects would go. |
|
|
|
Space organization in tipis: Draw where 2-3 things take place. |
|
|
|
Wanuskewin |
good example of Native American/ Archaeologist interactions |
|
|
Kennewick man |
Bad example of Native American/ Archaeologist interactions |
