Anth 1020 Midterm 2

Front 1

Adapids

Back 1

Euprimatesof the Eocene that were likely ancestral to modern lemurs and possibleancestral to anthropoids.

Front 2

Aegyptopithecus

Back 2

Apropliopithecid genus from the Oligocene, probably ancestral to catarrhines;the largest primate found in the Fayum, Egypt.

Front 3

Allen’srule

Back 3

Theprinciple that an animal’s limb lengths are heat-related; limbs are longer inhot environments and shorter in cold environments.

Front 4

Altruistic

Back 4

Refersto a behavior that benefits others while being a disadvantage to the individual.

Front 5

Angiosperm(radiation?) hypothesis

Back 5

Theproposition that certain primate traits, such as visual acuity, occurred inresponse to the availability of fruit and flowers following the spread ofangiosperms.

Front 6

BasalAnthropoids

Back 6

Eoceneprimates that are the earliest anthropoids.

Front 7

Bergmann’sRule

Back 7

Theprinciple that an animal’s size is heat-related; smaller bodies are adapted tohot environments, and larger bodies are adapted to cold environments.

Front 8

Bilophodont

Back 8

Refersto lower molars, in Old World monkeys, that have two ridges.

Front 9

Dentalformula

Back 9

Thenumerical description of a species’ teeth, listing the number, in one quadrantof the jaws, of incisors, canines, premolars, and molars.

Front 10

Diaphyses

Back 10

Themain midsection, or shaft, portions of long bones; each contains a medullarycavity.

Front 11

Epiphyses

Back 11

Theend portions of long bones; once they fuse to the diaphysis, the bones stopgrowing longer.

Front 12

Euprimates

Back 12

Thefirst true primates from the Eocene; the tarsierlike omomyids and the lemurlikeadapids.

Front 13

Growthvelocity

Back 13

Thespeed with which an organism grows in size, often measured as the amount ofgrowth per year.

Front 14

Homeostasis

Back 14

Themaintenance of an internal environment of an organism within an acceptablerange.

Front 15

Hypoxia

Back 15

Lessthan usual sea-level amount of oxygen in the air or in the body.

Front 16

Intrauterine

Back 16

Refers to the area within the uterus.

Front 17

Lifehistory

Back 17

Thetiming and details of growth events and development events from conceptionthrough senescence and death.

Front 18

Melanin

Back 18

Abrown pigment that determines the darkness or lightness of a human’s skin colordue to its concentration in the skin.

Front 19

Menarche

Back 19

Refersto the onset of menstruation in an adolescent female.

Front 20

Menopause

Back 20

Thecessation of the menstrual cycle, signifying the end of a femal’es ability tobear children.

Front 21

Omomyids

Back 21

Eoceneeuprimates that may be ancestral to tarsiers.

Front 22

Opposable

Back 22

Refersto primates’ thumb, in that it can touché each of the four fingertips, enablinga grasping ability.

Front 23

Phylogeny

Back 23

Theevolutionary relationships of a group of organisms.

Front 24

Rhinarium

Back 24

Thenaked surface around the nostrils, typically wet in mammals.

Front 25

Senescence

Back 25

Refers to an organism’s biological changes inlater adulthood.

Front 26

Sexualdimorphism

Back 26

Adifference in a physical attribute between the males and females of a species.

Front 27

Vasoconstriction/vasolidation

Back 27

(constriction)The decrease in blood vessels’ diameter due to the action of a nerve or of adrug, it can also occur in response to cold temperatures. (lidation) Theincrease in blood vessels’ diameter due to the action of a nerve or of a drug;it can also occur in response to hot temperatures.

Front 28

Visualpredation hypothesis

Back 28

Theproposition that unique primate traits arose as adaptations to preying oninsects and on small animals.