Anth 101 Intro Lecture

Front 1

"Anthropology" is Latin and stands for....

Back 1

the scientific study of all human beings in all times and places.

Front 2

What are the goals of anthropology?

Back 2

-describe, analyze, and explain different societies and cultures

-show how groups adapted to their environments and gave meaning to their lives

-comprehend the entire human experience

Front 3

What is the holistic approach?

Back 3

It considers culture, history, language, and biology as essential to a complete understanding of society. It separates anthropology from other disciplines by seeking to understand human beings as whole organisms who adapt to their environments through a complex interaction of biology and culture.

Front 4

Define "ethology."

Back 4

The study of animals in their natural environment.

Front 5

Define "ethnography."

Back 5

The scientific description of the customs of a society, its people, and their culture.

Front 6

Define "ethnology."

Back 6

The study of people in various environments and the similarities, differences, and relationships between them.

Front 7

Define "zoonosis."

Back 7

When a disease jumps from one species to another.

Front 8

Where did HIV/Aids come from?

Back 8

Chimps.

Front 9

What are the five primary fields of specialization in anthropology?

Back 9

1. Cultural

2. Linguistic

3. Archaeology

4. Biological (physical)

5. Applied

Front 10

What's a sixth field of specialization in anthropology?

Back 10

Trench anthropology- accepting poverty and working in anthropology because you love it.

Front 11

What is cultural anthropology?

Back 11

The study of human behavior that is learned rather than genetically transmitted and is typical of groups of people.

Front 12

What is culture?

Back 12

Made up of learned behaviors, involves use of Language and Symbols, patterned and integrated to some degree, shared by members of a group, adaptive, and subject to change.

Front 13

True or false: tension between progressives and conservatives is a healthy dynamic for a society to have.

Back 13

True. Progression always wins out in the end, but the conservatives keep things from advancing too quickly.

Front 14

What is the purpose of cultural anthropology?

Back 14

To describe, analyze, interpret, and explain social and cultural similarities and differences.

Front 15

What's the difference between ethnology and ethnography?

Back 15

Ethnology is a cross-cultural comparison, while ethnography is fieldwork in a particular culture.

Front 16

What are some examples of cultural anthropology?

Back 16

-political: concerned with issues of nationalism, citizenship, the state, colonialism, and globalism

-humanistic: focused on the personal, ethical, and political choices facing humans.

-visual: the study of visual representation and the media.

Front 17

What is linguistic anthropology?

Back 17

It focuses on understanding language and its relation to culture. Historical linguists study how languages are related to each other.

Front 18

Language expresses, reinforces, and perpetuates _______________.

Back 18

Cultural models.

Front 19

What does ethnolinguistics do?

Back 19

Tries to extract rules of communication through participant observation.

Front 20

What is sociolinguistics?

Back 20

It is concerned with the study of patterns of linguistic variation as derived from different speech situation.

Speech differences can reveal social differences such as gender, class, region, race, ethnicity, and occupation.

Front 21

What is archaeology?

Back 21

The study of past cultures through their material remains.

Front 22

Define "artifacts."

Back 22

Material remains of a past culture.

Front 23

Define "features."

Back 23

artifacts that cannot easily be removed, such as ruins of buildings, burials, and fire pits.

Front 24

What are some areas of specialization in archaeology?

Back 24

-urban archaeology: investigation of current-day cities

-Cultural Resource Management (CRM): protection and management of archaeological, archival, and architectural resources.

Front 25

What is biological anthropology?

Back 25

It studies humans from a biological perspective.

Front 26

Define "paleoanthropology."

Back 26

Biological processes of human adaption.

Front 27

Define "human variation."

Back 27

Physiological differences among modern humans.

Front 28

Define "primatology."

Back 28

Study of apes for clues about the human species.

Front 29

What is medical anthropology?

Back 29

It is concerned with the experience of disease as well as its distribution, prevention, and treatment.

Front 30

What is forensic anthropology?

Back 30

The study and identification of skeletized or badly decomposed human remains.

Front 31

What is applied anthropology?

Back 31

It seeks to analyze social, political, and economic problems and develop solutions.

Front 32

Define "enculturation."

Back 32

The process of learning a culture.

Front 33

Define "symbol."

Back 33

Something that stands for something else.

Front 34

Define "ritual."

Back 34

Formal, repetitive behavior involving symbols.

Front 35

Who are indigenous people?

Back 35

Groups of people who have occupied a region for a long time and are recognized by other groups as original inhabitants.

Front 36

What is ethnocentrism?

Back 36

The belief that one's own culture is better than any or all other cultures (often ethnocentrism is just tribal pride, but it can lead to ethno-arrogance, which is not as innocent).

Front 37

Define "anomie."

Back 37

A condition where social and moral norms are absent or confused.

Front 38

Define "racism."

Back 38

It is often defined as the belief that some human populations are superior to others because of inherited, genetically transmitted characteristics.

Racism- belief that race exists.

Racialism- belief that one race is superior over another.

Front 39

What is biological diversity?

Back 39

There is a wide diversity in human shapes and colors, but low levels of skeletal and blood type diversity. Also, people from the same region tend to share traits with each other.

Front 40

What is bio-psychological equality?

Back 40

The fact that all human groups have the same biological and mental capabilities.

Front 41

Race is....... (two words).

Back 41

Socially constructed.

Front 42

What is cultural relativism?

Back 42

Understanding values and customs in terms of the culture of which they are a part.

Front 43

Define "emic."

Back 43

Describes the organization and meaning a culture's practices have for its members.

Front 44

Define "etic."

Back 44

Tries to determine the causes of particular cultural patterns that may be beyond the awareness of the culture being studied.