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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Evolution
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a change in the genetic structure of a population from one generation to the next
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Anthropology
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studies human cultures and evolutionary aspects of human biology
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Biocultural evolution
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the mutual interactive evolution of human biology and culture
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Culture
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a set of learned behaviours; transmitted from one generation to the next through learning
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Species
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a group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
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enculturation
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process by which individuals learn the values and beliefs of the family, peer groups and society
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What are the four subfields of anthropology
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cultural, physical, archaeological and linguistic
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Physical anthropology
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study of human biology within the framework of evolution
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Sexual Dimorphism
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distinct difference in size or appearance between the sexes of an animal in addition to difference between the sexual organs themselves.
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Intraspecific
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within species, refers to variation seen within the same species
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Interspecific
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refers to variation between species
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Paleospecies
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species defined from fossil evidence often covering a long timespan.
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Genus
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Group of closely related species
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Ecological niche
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the position of a species within its physical and biological environment
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Fossil
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traces or remnants of organisms found in geological beds on the earth's surface
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taphonomy
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study of how bones and other materials come to be buried in the earth and preserved as fossils
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Stratigraphy
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study of sequential layering of deposits (oldest relative dating method)
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stratum
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single layer of soil or rock, sometimes called a level
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Biostratigraphy
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a relative dating technique based on regular changes seen in evolving groups of animals as well as the presence of absence of particular species
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index fossils
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fossil remains of known age, used to estimate the age of geological stratum in which they are found
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cross-dating
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relative dating method that estimates the age of artifacts and features based on their similarities with comparable material from dated contexts
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seriation
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relative dating method that orders artifacts into a chronological order
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radiometric decay
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a measure of the rate at which certain radioactive isotopes disintegrate
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Australopithecus
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teeth : big molars, small canines, thick enamel; sexually dimorphic
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Strepsirhini
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(lemurs and lorises)
Characteristics: eyes places more side to the face, forward projecting the lower incisors and canines |
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Haplorhini
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tarsiers, humans, monkeys, apes
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Lemurs
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- islands of madagascar
- live in groups of 10-25 male and female |
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Lorises
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- slow cautious climbing
- eat insects and plants |
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Tarsiers
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enormous eyes
can turn head 180 nocturnal insectivores |
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New world monkeys
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-live in trees
- smallest of all monkeys - claws instead of nails, - give birth to twins - mated pairs or female n two males - |
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Old world monkeys
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subsaharan africa and southern asia
- cercopithecidae and cecopithecines - they have ischail callosites (touch patches of skin allowing baboons to sit for hours) - |
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Hominoids
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humans and apes
- apes have longer arms than legs - no tail - more complex brain - |
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Gibbons and siamangs
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- the smallest apes
- swing from branch to branch - they walk bipedal with their arms to the side - monogamous - rear their young |
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Orangutans
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- solitary live s
- walk on all fours, but mostly in the trees |
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Gorillas
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sexual dimorphism
- usually one or two males and a group of females - vegetarian - |
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Chimpanzees
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less sexually dimorphic
- eat many things - males groups and female groups - |
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Bonobos
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- looks like chimps
- more arboreal and less aggressive than chimps - male-female bonding - |
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Humans
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- reduced canine teeth
- use spoken language - |
