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167 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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complex societies
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large societies, socially stratified, central gov'ts
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cultural consultant
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people who teach the anthropologist about their cultures
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emic
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An approach that looks at how people view the world.
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The emic approach looks at
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the "native viewpoint"
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etic
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Scientist-oriented
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etic ethnographers focus on
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What the outsider sees as important
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genealogical method
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kinship diagram method
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informed consent
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agreement to take part in the research after being informed about it
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interview schedule
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face-to-face questioning the person
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key cultural consultants
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people who are capable of providing the most information about their culture.
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life history
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The person's recollection of what life was like growing up in a particular culture.
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longitudinal research
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long-term study of a culture by repeated visits
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participant observation
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taking part in the events you're analyzing
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random sample
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picking people at random from that culture for a study
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sample
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a manageable study group
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survey research
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sampling, impersonal data collection, and stats
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variables
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Like age, income, gender, and political preference.
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bourgeoisie
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The owners of factories, mines, large farms and other means of production.
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capital
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wealth invested for a profit
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Capitalist world economy
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profit over supplying domestic needs
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colonialism
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the political, social, economic, and cultural domination of a territory and its people by a foreign power for an extended time.
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communism
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A social system where property is owned by the community and people work for the common good.
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core
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the dominant position in the world system
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imperialism
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extending rule of an empire over foreign nations and holding their colonies.
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indigenous peoples
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The original inhabitants of a territory
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Industrial Revolution
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changing from traditional to modern through investment, usaually in machines.
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Intervention philosophy
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Belief that outsiders should be able to guide natives on a civilizing mission.
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neoliberalism
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The government should stay out of its nation's economic affairs.
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Neoliberalism was laid out by
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Adam Smith
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Neoliberalism's manifesto is:
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The Wealth of Nations
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periphery
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The world's least privileged and powerful countries.
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The periphery produce
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raw materials and human labour
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postcolonial
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The study of interactions between European nations and the societies they colonized.
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semiperiphery
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mid-level between core and periphery
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Semiperiphery export
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industrial goods and commodities
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Working class, or
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proletariat
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The working class is people
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Who have to sell labour to survive
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World-system theory
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An identifiable social system based on wealth and power differentials extends beyond individual countries
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assimilation
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The absorption of a minority ethnic group
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Cultural colonialism
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Internal domination by one group over another (culture/ideology)
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Descent
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Social identity based on ancestry
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Discrimination
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Policies and practices that harm a group and its members.
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Ethnic Group
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shares beliefs, common background.
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Ethnicity
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Identification with an Ethnic Group
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Ethnocide
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Destroying the culture of certain ethnic groups.
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Genocide
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mass murder of an ethnic group
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Hypodescent
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distant descent can make you a minority
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Majority Groups
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The dominant or controlling group
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Minority Groups
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Subordinate group with less access to resources.
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Minority Groups are often
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Ethnic Groups
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Multiculturalism
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The view that cultural diversity is desireable
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Nation
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Now, state or governement.
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Nation-State
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An automonous political entity.
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Nationalities
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Ethnic Groups that once had or want back their own political status.
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Phenotype
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Obvious physical traits: e.g. hair, eye, and skin colour.
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Plural Society
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Different ethnic groups control different resources and depend on each other.
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Prejudice
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Devaluing a group because of its assumed behaviour.
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Race
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The assumption that there is a biological basis to an ethnic group.
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Racism
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Descrimination on people who are assumed to share biological genes.
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Refugees
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People who have fled their countries to escape persecution or war.
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Social Races
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Groups that are assumed to have biological similarities, but really only have a similar culture.
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Stereotypes
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Fixed ideas about what the members of a group are like.
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Anthropology and education
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How everyone reacts to education in a culture from the classroom to home.
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Applied Anthropology
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The use of anthropological data to solve current social issues.
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Curer
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An often shamanic healer who holds a high position in a culture.
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Development Anthropology
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A branch of applied anthropology that focuses on economic policies.
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Disease
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A scientifically identified health threat.
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A disease is caused by
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Genetics or an outside bacteria or virus, etc.
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Health Care Systems
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Practices aimed at preventing, diagnosing, and curing illnesses
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Illness
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A condition of poor health perceived or felt by an individual.
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Increased Equity:
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Reduced poverty and more even distribution of wealth.
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Medical Anthropology asks:
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Which diseases affect who; how is the illness seen and treated?
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Overinnovation
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too much change.
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Overinnovation means people:
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Want to change just enough to keep what they have.
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Scientific Medicine
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Real medicine. Even Western medicine contains practices that don't make sense.
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Underdifferentiation
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The tendency to view "less-developed countries" as more alike than they are.
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Urban Anthropology
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The study of life in the cities in various cultures.
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Agency
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The role that individuals play in interpreting and recreating culture.
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Antimodernism
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Rejection of the modern in favour of a purer way of life.
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Cultural Imperialism
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The advance or spread of one culture at the expense of others.
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Diaspora
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The offspring of an area who have spread to many lands.
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Essentialism
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Viewing an identity as established, real, and frozen, hiding the processes of development.
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Hegemonic Reading
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The originally intended meaning of a text, by the creators or elites.
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Hegemony
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Where subordination to domination is viewed as a natural order of things, and the way things should be.
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Hidden Transcript
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A secret critique of power.
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Indigenized
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Modified to fit the local culture
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Postmodernity
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Our time and situation--today's world in flux.
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Postmodernism
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Development and experimentation in the arts and architecture.
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Postmodern
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The breaking down and blurring of established rules and standards.
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Public Transcript
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The open, public interactions between dominators and oppressed.
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Text
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Any cultural product. Something that can be creatively "read" and interpreted.
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Westernization
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The influence of Western expansion on other societies.
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Sep. 14: Humans can't exist without:
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Culture
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Sep. 14: Culture is sh...
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Shared
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Sep. 14: Culture is le...
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Learned
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Sep. 14: Culture is ad... and ma...
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adaptive; maladaptive
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Sep. 14: Culture is in...
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integrated
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Sep. 14: Culture is based on sy...
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symbols
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Sep. 14: Culture is an al...
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all-encompassing system
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Sep. 14: In relatively egocentric societies: individuals are
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free agents
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Sep. 14: In relatively egocentric societies: private
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self
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Sep. 14: In relatively egocentric societies: Individual center
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of awareness
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Sep. 14: In relatively egocentric societies: social relations
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social contracts
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Sep. 14: In relatively egocentric societies: Competition
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emphasized
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Sep. 14: In relatively sociocentric societies: individual is
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social relations
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Sep. 14: In relatively sociocentric societies: public
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self
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Sep. 14: In relatively sociocentric societies: social situations
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intrinsic value
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Sep. 14: In relatively sociocentric societies: cooperation is
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emphasized
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Sep. 14: In some communities, a person is a person at
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baptism
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Sep. 14: Enculturation
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when a culture is passed from generation to generation
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Sep. 14: Behaviour is
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cultivated
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Sep. 14: Enculturation begins with
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self-awareness
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Cultural Relativism
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Everyone's culture is good
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Sep. 16: Culture is constituted through
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language
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Sep. 16: language is humankind's most used
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symbolic system
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Sep. 16: The most-spoken language is
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Chinese
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Sep. 16: Code:
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a neutral label for any system of linguistic communication
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Sep. 16: Variety:
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any system of linguistic expression whose use is governed by situational variables
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Sep. 16: Dialect:
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a regionally or socially distinctive variety of a language, identified by a particular set of words, grammatical structures, or phonology.
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Sep. 16: Style:
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ideologically and aesthetically distinct language
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Sep. 16: Code-switching:
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Juxtaposition of linguistic elements from different languages in the same sentence or across sentences.
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Sep. 21: Modes of production:
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social relations through which labor is organized
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Sep. 21: Means of production:
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land, labor, and technology
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sep. 23: (political systems): Economic type: Band
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Foraging
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sep. 23: (political systems): Economic type: Tribe:
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Horticulture; pastoralism
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sep. 23: (political systems): Economic type: Chiefdom:
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horticulture, pastoral nomadism, agriculture
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sep. 23: (political systems): Economic type: State:
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Agricultural, industrial
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sep. 23: (political systems): Band, group-type
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Kin based
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sep. 23: (political systems): Tribe, group-type
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Small descent groups
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sep. 23: (political systems): Chiefdom group-type
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Medium kin-based
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sep. 23: (political systems): State group-type
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Large-scale, non-related
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Sep. 28: (Gender): Sex is
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biological; male or female
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Sep. 28: (Gender): Gender refers to:
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traits attributed to the sexes, and gender roles
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Sep. 28: (Gender): In India, people descriminate against a
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"Third" gender not based on biological sex
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Sep. 30: (Sexuality): Sexual orientation is
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who a person is attracted to
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Sep. 30: (Sexuality): Sudanese Azande have
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Male wives
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Oct. 5: (Kinship): Kinship diagram: Z
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Sister
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Oct. 5: (Kinship): Kinship diagram: = means
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Marriage
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Oct. 7: (Marriage): Cognatic means
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a descent group that is Ambilineal or Bilateral
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Oct. 14: (Marriage and Worldview): Worldview refers to:
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What we see as the natural order of things.
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Oct. 14: (Marriage and Worldview): Naturalists
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Are non-dualists
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Oct. 14: (Marriage and Worldview): 3 parts of rite of passage:
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– Separation
– Liminality – incorporation |
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Oct. 14: (Marriage and Worldview): Liminality:
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The person is in transition; limbo; they don't belong to society.
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Oct. 19: (Worldview and Religion): Religion is a ___, rationalized by ___, which mobilizes ____.
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set of rituals; myth; supernatural powers
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Oct. 19: (Worldview and Religion): Traditional religion
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animism
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Oct. 19: (Worldview and Religion): World religion
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Mono/polytheism
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Oct. 19: (Worldview and Religion): religious syncretism
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Blends different religious, military, etc practices
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Oct 21 Violence and Conflict: Smaller-scale societies tend to
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migrate and/ divorce
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Oct 28 Ethnography and Ethics: An anthropologist's main responsibility is:
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To the people he is studying; their privacy and safety, their agreement to the study, and their share of the profits.
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Oct 28 Ethnography and Ethics: The second responsibility is
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To science: Don't deceive, and preserve the data.
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Oct 28 Ethnography and Ethics: The third responsibility
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To the public; knowing the political consequences of the study.
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Oct 28 Ethnography and Ethics: The Hmong fought the:
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Vietcong
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Nov 9 Race: Broca made
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Cranial types to measure intelligence by head measurements.
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Nov 16 Ethnicity and Nationalism: A Nation can be said to be:
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an imagined community
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Nov 16 Ethnicity and Nationalism: "Stateless people" are
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refugees and migrant workers.
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Nov 16 Ethnicity and Nationalism: "Nominal citizens" are
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immigrants and indigenous people
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Nov 16 Ethnicity and Nationalism: Non-citizens refers to
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slaves
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Nov 16 Ethnicity and Nationalism: Diaspora Criteria: common history
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of dispersal from homeland
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Nov 16 Ethnicity and Nationalism: Diaspora Criteria: Strong collective
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memory of home
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Nov 16 Ethnicity and Nationalism: Diaspora Criteria: Feeling not fully
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accepted by host country
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Nov 16 Ethnicity and Nationalism: Diaspora Criteria: Desire to
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return to homeland
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Nov 16 Ethnicity and Nationalism: Diaspora Criteria: positive identification with
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home country
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Nov 16 Ethnicity and Nationalism: Diaspora Criteria: What attached to homeland?
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Mythicalogical significance
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Nov 16 Ethnicity and Nationalism: Diaspora: What is a good example of Diaspora?:
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Hmong
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Nov 30 Applied Anthropology: Forensic Anthropology functions by:
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Telling us what really happened in violent human rights violations.
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Sonia Das Deals with
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sanitation, flooding, and politics of corruption in West Bengal
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Sonia Das Deals with
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sanitation, flooding, and politics of corruption in West Bengal
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