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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the nerve that innervates pretty much any facial muscle (including the platysma)?
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C7
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Name the Superficial Cervical Nerves of the Anterior Neck (motor & sensory)
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Sensory:
Great Auricular Transverse Cervical Supraclavicular Motor: Cervical branch of facial nerve |
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What are the 4 Infrahyoid Muscles (Strap muscles)?
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Deep:
Thyrohyoid & Sternohyoid Superficial: Sternohyoid & Omohyoid |
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What are the infrahyoid muscles innervated by?
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branches from C1-3 ventral rami
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Sternohyoid m.
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F: depresses hyoid bone & larynx for swallowing
N; Ansa cervicalis of C1-3 |
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Sternothyroid m.
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F: depresses larynx & hyoid for swallowing
N: Ansa cervicalis of C1-3 |
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Omohyoid m.
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F: depresses larynx & hyoid for swallowing
N: Ansa cervicalis of C1-3 |
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Thyrohyoid m.
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Depresses hyoid bone and raises larynx for swallowing
N: ventral ramus of C1 |
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Which 3 muscles does the Ansa cervicalis innervate?
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Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid Omohyoid |
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What is one variation in the thyroid gland that occurs in between the two lobes?
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There can often be a pyramidal lobe in between, above the isthmus. *Make sure you don't leave it behind in surgery if you're removing thyroid.
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Where are the parathyroid glands located?
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Posterior of the thyroid, 2 superior and 2 inferior.
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What is it about the location of the parathyroid glands that makes it eisky in removing them during thyroid surgery?
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They are contained within the capsule of the thyroid gland.
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What is the capsule of the thyroid gland?
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It is a delicate internal layer that directly encloses the thyroid gland and is fused with its glandular parenchyma (divides the gland into lobules).
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What does the Ligament of Berry do?
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anchors the thyroid to the trachea and larynx. Recurrent laryngeal nerve is a risk in this area!
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What is an important artery to watch out for during thymus surgery? Only 10% possible.
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Thyroid Ima Artery. Goes into the brachiocephalic which goes to the arch of aorta so it's a bleeder!
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What would happen to the area of the anterior neck if you accidently cut the vagus nerve during surgery? Why?
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The superior laryngeal nerve and it's branches travels off of the vagus nerve so it would be really bad, causing loss of sensation above the vocal cords, paralysis of cricothyroid and muscles of larynx.
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Motor fibers to the laryngeal muscles are carried by which nerve?
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C11, it hitchhikes with vagus nerve 10
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How does blood from the thyroid gland drain? What is the pathway?
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1. Inferior thyroid vein-->left brachiocephalic vein
and 2. superior & middle thyroid veins -->internal jugular vein |
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Describe the developement of the thyroid from embryo.
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It migrates from its site of origin which is on the "foramen cecum" of the tongue down to where it is in adult.
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What happens when the thyroglosal duct fails to regress in adulthood?
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This leads to cysts and fistulas of the neck.
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What are the 6 locations along the migratory path of the thyroid where cysts can form?
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1. In fromt of the foramen ceacum or at it
2. suprahyoid or infrahyoid 3. area of the thyroid gland or suprasternal. |
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What is the principal cell type of the parathyroid gland and what does it secrete?
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Chief cells respond to low blood calcium levels by secreting PTH which ncreases calcium cont in the blood by stimulating bone resorption by osteoclasts and the renal tubular reabsorption of calcium.
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PTH acts antagonistically against what?
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Against Calcitonin which is protduced by the thyroid's C cells
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What happens to calcium levels if you accidentally remove the parathyroid glands?
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Ca levels drop, resulting in neuromuscular irritability and even seizures.
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What is a goiter?
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It is an enlargement of the thyroid gland.
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What are possible causes of a goiter?
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Iodine deficiency, hormone or enyme defect, infection or tumor.Sometimes hyper or hypo function.
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What does goiter cause? What kind of affect does it have on the surrounding area?
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Causes compression in the follwoing:
Trachea: affects breathing Esophagus: afects swallowing Recurrent laryngeal nerve: affects voice. |
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Why is a retrosternal goiter the worst kind?
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Because there is no space for expansion.
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What do the inferior and superior thyroid arteries run next to?
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Run close to the recurrent and the external laryngeal nerves. Careful not to harm these nerves in surgery.
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Between which rings should you enter when doing a tracheostomy?
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Between 1st and 2nd or 4th.
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