Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Boundaries:
|
*superiorly, inferior border of mandible
*medially, by midline *laterally, anterior border of SCM |
|
fascia and layers of neck:
|
1. superficially, layer of fat; platysma lies in this plane
2. deep investing layer of fascia-surrounds whole neck 3. pretracheal fascia-surrounds trachea and thyroid gland 4. prevertebral deep investing fascia-posterior of neck; surrounds muscles associated with vertebral column 5. buccopharyngeal fascia-posterior to esophagus, anterior to prevertebral fascia 6. retropharyngeal space- anterior to prevertebral fascia and posterior to buccopharyngeal fascia; bounded laterally by carotid sheaths **infections in this space can drain inferiorly toward heart |
|
subdivisions of anterior triangle:
|
1. submental triangle-inferior to mandible anteriorly
a)bound on either side by anterior belly of digastric muscle b)hyoid bone forms the base of triangle 2. submandibular triangle-bound superiorly by mandible and on either side by anterior and posterior bellies of digastrics 3. carotid triangle- a)bound superiorly by posterior belly of digastric b)inferolaterally by anterior border of SCM c)inferomedially by superior belly of omohyoid muscle 4. muscular triangle- a)dorsolaterally, superior belly of omohyoid b)inferolaterally, by SCM |
|
Platysma
|
*allows grimace
*innervated by cervical branch of facial nerve (CN VII) |
|
Contents of triangle: muscles
|
1. hyoid bone: superior to thyroid cartilage, which is superior to cricoid cartilage; between hyoid and thyroid cartilage is thyrohyoid membrane
2. strat or infrahyoid muscles-depress the hyoid bone a)superior belly of omohyoid-arises from fascial sling on clavicle and inserts on hyoid b)sternohyoid-passes from sternum and clavicle up to hyoid c)sternothyroid-sternum and clavicle up to thyroid cartilage; depresses larynx d)thyrohyoid-runs from thryoid cartilage up to hyoid; elevates larynx; C1 e)digastric muscles-anterior belly inserts on digastric fossa of mandible f)deep to digastric, mylohyoid-arises from mylohyoid line on inferior border of mandible and inserts on hyoid bone and median raphe; elevate hyoid |
|
Ansa Cervicalis and Cervical Plexus
|
*part of cervical plexus
*associated with ECA and its tributaries *lies lateral to carotid sheath *cutaneous innervation of anterior triangle is by transverse cervical nerves from C2 and C3 |
|
Ansa Cervicalis
|
1. Hypoglossal nerve (CNXII)
*associated posteriorly with a muscular branch of occipital artery (lies anterior) *CNXII runs anterior to ECA *A branch of C1 travels with hypoglossal and branches off to innervate thyrohyoid and geniohyoid *superior root of ansa cervicalis extends anteriorly in front of the CCA to give branches to sternohyoid, inferior belly of omohyoid, and sternothyroid *posteriorly and laterally, anterior rami of C2 and C3 run posterior to IJV to loop around and join the C1 to form the ansa cervicalis |
|
Carotid Triangle
|
*hypoglossal nerve passes inferior to posterior belly of digastric; enters submandibular triangle
*good landmark to find this nerve with occipital artery branch *superior thyroid artery runs inferiorly and gives off the superior laryngeal artery, which pierces the thyrohyoid membrane *external laryngeal nerve, branch of superior laryngeal nerve (CNX), passes with superior thyroid artery *IL nerve gives sensory (GVA) to larynx and pharynx superior to vocal chords *recurrent laryngeal nerve (CNX) innervates inferior to vocal chords *external laryngeal nerve-also branch of superior laryngeal, moves lower to innervate the cricothyroid muscle (SVE) *Branches of ECA |
|
Branches of ECA:
|
1. ascending pharyngeal
2. superior thyroid 3. lingual 4. facial-gives rise to ascending tonsilar branch 5. occipital 6. posterior auricular Terminal branches: 7. superficial temporal 8. maxillary-gives off several branches |
|
Thyroid Gland:
|
*rests anteriorly in neck
*surrounded by 2 layers of investing fascia *carotid sheath is on either side *superior thyroid artery from ECA *inferior thyroid artery from thyrocervical trunk *may also be a persistent thyroglossal duct passing up to foramen cecum on posterior aspect of tongue *venous drainage by superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins; inferior drains into brachiocephalic trunk; other 2 drains into IJV |
|
Parathyroid glands
|
**regulate calcium and calcitonin in the body
**tetany-if glands removed during thyroidectomy, seizures due to sudden plunge in serum calcium |
|
Submandibular Triangle
|
1. hypoglossal nerve-passes posterior to posterior belly of digastric
2. stylohyoid muscle-runs from styloid pocess on skull down to hyoid, running anterior to posterior belly of digastric, but inserting just posterior to fibrous sling 3. facial artery-deep to mandible and lateral to mylohyoid 4. anterior belly of digastric-inserts on digastric fossa of mandible; innervated by nerve to mylohyoid, a branch of inferior alveolar nerve 5. posterior belly of digastric-arises from mastoid notch at base of skull; innervated by CNVII 6. lingual artery-passes deep to mylohyoid, while hypoglossal nerve passes laterally 7. submandibular gland and duct 8. lingual nerve-crosses duct twice 9. submandibular ganglion-found posterolaterally to lingual nerve, receiving presynaptic parasympathetic fibers from chorda tympani nerve, a branch of facial nerve 10. facial nerve-passes postganglionic fibers to sublingual gland 11. hyoglossus-major extrinsic muscle of tongue; deep to mylohyoid muscle 12. geniohyoid muscles-superior to mylohyoid at midline; arise from inferior mental spin and run to hyoid bone; innervated by C1 by way of hypoglossal nerve |
|
Bifurcation of CCA:
|
1. carotid body: located on posterior aspect of bifurcation; sensitive to oxygen and CO2 saturation; glossopharyngeal nerve
2. carotid sinus: thickened area anteriorly; glossopharyngeal nerve by way of nerve to carotid sinus; regulates blood pressure |