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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the boundaries of the anterior cervical triangle?
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Superior - lower border of the body of the mandible
Posterior - anterior border of the sternomastoid Anterior - midline extending from the chin to the sternal notch in the manubrium |
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What are the 4 subdivisions of the anterior cervical triangle?
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-Submandibular triangle
-Carotid triangle -Muscular triangle -Submental triangle |
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What is the submandibular triangle?
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A subdivision of the anterior cervical triangle. It is defined by the body of the mandible and the digastric muscle, including posterior and anterior bellies.
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What is the carotid triangle?
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A subdivision of the anterior cervical triangle. Defined by the sternomastoid, posterior belly of the digastric and the superior belly of omohyoid.
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What is the muscular triangle?
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A subdivision of the anterior cervical triangle. Defined by the superior belly of the omohyoid, the lower anterior margin of sternomastoid, and the midline of the neck.
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What is the submental triangle?
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A subdivision of the anterior cervical triangle. Defined by the anterior bellies of both right and left digastric muscles, and the body of the hyoid.
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Platysma
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A muscle of facial expression, found just deep to the skin.
O: in the superficial fascia of the upper pectoral and deltoid regions I: in the skin and facial muscles overlying the mandible Inv: the only muscle supplied by the cervical branch of the facial nerve (CN VII) A: tenses skin of neck, assists in depressing the lip and mandible |
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Describe the anterior jugular veins.
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Bilateral, may be present near the midline, oriented vertically. They course deep to the sternomastoid above the clavicle to empty into the external jugular veins in the posterior cervical triangle.
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Describe the cutaneous nerves of the anterior cervical triangle.
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Include the great auricular and branches of the transverse cervical, which are branches of the cervical plexus. Another important nerve in this area is the cervical branch of the facial n. CN VII.
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Infrahyoid muscles
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4, located b/t the investing fascia and the visceral fascia which surrounds the thyroid gland, trachea and esophagus. Aka "strap muscles", depress the hyoid bone and the larynx. All are innervated by motor branches of the ansa cervicalis except the thyrohyoid.
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Describe the hyoid bone.
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Does not articulate with any other bone, has 10 pairs of the muscles attached to it.
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What are the boundaries of the submandibular triangle?
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Boundaries - body of mandible, digastric muscle, the floor is formed by several muscles (mylohyoid, hyoglossus, and middle pharyngeal constrictor)
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What are the contents of the submandibular triangle?
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-Superficial lobe of submandibular salivary gland
-facial artery and vein -hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) which provides motor fibers to the muscles of the tongue -lingual a. - a branch of the external carotid, supplies tongue |
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What are the contents of the carotid triangle?
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-Common carotid a. and its terminal branches:
-Internal carotid a. -External carotid a. and its branches -Internal jugular v. -Nerves (CN X, CN XI, CN XII, ansa cervicalis {motor fibers C1-C3} |
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What are the branches of the common carotid a.?
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It bifurcates at the level of the hyoid bone into:
-External carotid a. -Internal carotid a. |
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Describe the internal carotid a.
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Has no branches in the cervical or facial regions, is destined for the cranial cavity to supply the brain. Located more lateral and posterior. Where it originates from the common carotid, there is a carotid sinus.
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What is the carotid sinus?
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An enlarged area of the internal carotid a. that contains baroreceptors that measure blood pressure. These baroreceptors are connected to the brain stem by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX).
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What is the carotid body?
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Is within the area that the common carotid bifurcates. Contains chemoreceptors for measuring arterial O2 content. Connected to the brain stem by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX).
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What are the branches of the external carotid a.?
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All supply the extracranial portions of the face and upper cervical region.
-superior thyroid a. -lingual a. -ascending pharyngeal a. -facial a. -occipital a. -posterior auricular a. |
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What is supplied by the superior thyroid a.?
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The thyroid and parathyroid glands. Has two branches supplying the larynx (superior laryngeal and cricothyroid a.)
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What is supplied by the lingual a.?
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The tongue.
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What is supplied by the ascending pharyngeal a.?
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The lateral pharyngeal wall.
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What is supplied by the facial a.?
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The lips, nose and medial angles of the eyes.
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What is supplied by the occipital a.?
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The scalp in the occipital region.
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What is supplied by the posterior auricular a.?
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The external auditory canal and its stylomastoid branch supplies the facial nerve (CN VII) in the stylomastoid canal.
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Describe the internal jugular v.
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Carries blood from the brain, exits the skull via the jugular foramen and ultimately becomes a tributary to the brachiocephalic v.
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What nerves are in the carotid triangle?
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-Vagus nerve (CN X)
-Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) -Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) -Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3) -motor fibers in C1 supply the thyrohyoid m. |
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Where does the vagus nerve (CN X) come from?
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Exits the skull via the jugular foramen and descends w/n the carotid sheath.
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What does the vagus nerve (CN X) supply?
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Supplies the skeletal muscles of the palate, pharynx and larynx. Its parasympathetic fibers supply glands in the esophagus, larynx and trachea. Has a sensory branch, the internal laryngeal n, to the laryngeal mucosa above the vocal cords. Has a motor branch, the external laryngeal n., innervates the cricothyroid m. The vagus also provides parasympathetic innervation to many thoracic and abdominal viscera.
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What does the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) supply?
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Innvervates the trapezius and sternomastoid.
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What does the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) supply?
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Innervates the muscles of the tongue.
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What does the Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3) supply?
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Provides motor innervation to the geniohyoid and 3 of the infrahyoid muscles (strap muscles).
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What are the contents of the muscular triangle?
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-anterior jugular v.
-communicating v. -infrahyoid muscles -larynx -trachea -thryoid gland -parathyroid glands |
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Describe the veins of the muscular triangle.
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Anterior jugular v. - becomes a tributary to the external jugular v by coursing deep to the sternomastoid just above the clavicle
Communicating v - connects the anterior jugular v. with the common facial v. |
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What are the infrahyoid muscles?
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Important for swallowing and stabilizing the hyoid bone.
-Sternohyoid -Sternothyroid (sternum --> thyroid cartilage) -Omohyoid (superior belly attached to hyoid, scapula --> hyoid bone) -Thyrohyoid (thyroid cartilage --> hyoid) |
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Describe the thyroid gland.
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Has 2 lobes connected by an isthmus which crosses anterior to the 2nd and 3rd tracheal rings (cartilages). Sometimes has a pyramidal lobe, ascending toward the hyoid bone.
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What is the blood supply to the thyroid?
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Arteries: superior and inferior thyroid arteries
Veins: superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins |
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What does the thyroid secrete?
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Thyrocalcitonin - helps regulate calcium metabolism
Tetraiodothyronine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) - regulate the basal metabolic rate (rate at which the body consumes O2) |
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Describe the parathyroid glands.
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4, one pair embedded on either side of the thyroid gland. Supplied by the same vessels that suply the thyroid gland.
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What do the parathyroid glands secrete?
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Parathormone - helps regulate calcium metabolism
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What are the contents of the submental triangle?
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-Beginning of the anterior jugular v.
-One of more small submental lymph nodes that drain the tip of your tongue. |
