Anterior And Medial Thigh

Front 1

What is the great saphenous vein and where is it located?

Back 1

The longest vein in the human body.
It begins at the medial side of the dorsal venous arch of the foot, ascends the medial side of the leg and thigh, passes through the saphenous opening in the deep fascia, and terminates in the femoral vein on the anterior thigh.

Front 2

What are the tributaries of the great saphenous vein?

Back 2

1. External pudendal v.
2. Superficial circumflex iliac v.
3. Superficial epigastric v.
Located in the proximal region of the thigh and correspond to the branches of the femoral artery.

Front 3

What is the external pudendal v.?

Back 3

A tributary of the great saphenous vein that drains the penis and scrotum in the male, the vulva and lower vagina in the female, and the lower half of the anal canal.

Front 4

What is the superficial circumflex iliac v.?

Back 4

A tributary of the great saphenous vein that drains into the lateral thigh.

Front 5

What is the superficial epigastric v.?

Back 5

A tributary of the great saphenous vein that drains into the anterior abdominal wall inferior to the umbilicus.

Front 6

Where are the lymph nodes in the lower extremity?

Back 6

-Behind the knee in the popliteal fossa (popliteal ndoes)
-In the inguinal region (groin)

Front 7

What are the two groups of superficial inguinal nodes?

Back 7

-Superior, horizontal group
-Inferior, vertical group

Front 8

What do the superior superficial inguinal nodes drain?

Back 8

The abdomen, lateral thigh, and external genitalia.
(the same structures drained by the 3 tributaries of the great saphenous v. --> femoral v.)

Front 9

What do the inferior superficial inguinal nodes drain?

Back 9

The remaining superficial tissues of the lower extremities (skin or superficial fascia).

Front 10

What cutaneous nerves supply the skin of the upper portion of the thigh?

Back 10

-Ilioinguinal n.
-femoral branch of the genitofemoral n.
-obturator n.

Front 11

What cutaneous nerves supply the skin of the lower portion of the thigh?

Back 11

-lateral femoral cutaneous n.
-intermediate femoral cutaneous n.
-medial femoral cutaneous n.

Front 12

What is the fascia lata?

Back 12

The deep, thin, and dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds the two thighs like a pair of pantyhose.

Front 13

What surrounds all surfaces of the skeletal muscle in the thigh?

Back 13

The fascia lata, forming intermuscular septa that divide the thigh into three muscular compartments: medial, anterior and posterior.

Front 14

What is the iliotibial tract?

Back 14

An area on the lateral surface of the thigh and proximal tibia where the fibers of the fascia lata are vertically oriented.
Also contributed to by the aponeuroses of the gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata muscles.

Front 15

What is contained within the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Back 15

-quadriceps femoris muscles
-sartorius m.
-femoral a. and branches
-femoral v. and tributaries
-deep inguinal lymph nodes

Front 16

What muscles comprise the quadriceps femoris?

Back 16

-Rectus femoris
-Vastus lateralis
-Vastus intermedius (deep to rectus femoris)
-Vastus medialis

Front 17

What are the origin, insertion, innervation and action of the quadriceps femoris muscles?

Back 17

O: rectus femoris - anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulum; other 3 quads - linea aspera on shaft of the femur
I: patellar tendon on patella which inserts on the tibial tuberosity
Inv: femoral n.
A: extend the leg (straightening out knee, kicking); the rectus femoris can also flex the thigh

Front 18

What are the actions of the rectus femoris and why?

Back 18

Can extend the leg and can also flex the thigh. This is because it crosses two joints, the hip and knee joints.

Front 19

Sartorius

Back 19

O: anterior superior iliac spine
I: superior part of medial surface of the tibia, inferior to the tibial tuberosity
Inv: femoral n.
A: flexes the thigh and leg, laterally rotates the thigh (sitting with legs crossed, "tailor's muscle")

Front 20

What is the femoral sheath?

Back 20

Extraperitoneal areolar tissue that surrounds the femoral vessels and some lymphatic vessels deep to the fascia lata. Divided into three compartments: lateral, middle, and medial.

Front 21

What is contained within the lateral compartment of the femoral sheath?

Back 21

The femoral a.

Front 22

What is contained within the middle compartment of the femoral sheath?

Back 22

The femoral v.

Front 23

What is contained within the medial compartment of the femoral sheath?

Back 23

Lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels.

The medial compartment is a.k.a. the femoral canal.

Front 24

What is the femoral canal?

Back 24

A.k.a. the medial compartment of the femoral sheath. It is continuous with the abdominal cavity via the femoral ring (superior opening of the canal).

Front 25

What is a femoral hernia?

Back 25

If abdominal viscera protrudes into the femoral canal through the femoral ring.
Three times more frequent in women d/t differences in the os coxae.

Front 26

What is the femoral artery?

Back 26

The continuation of the external iliac a., enters the thigh beneath the inguinal ligament, midway b/t the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle. Has 4 branches.

Front 27

What are the branches of the femoral a.?

Back 27

-External pudendal a.
-Superficial circumflex iliac a.
-Superficial epigastric a.
-Profunda femoris a.

Front 28

What does the external pudendal a. supply?

Back 28

The penis and scrotum in the male, the vulva and lower vagina in the female, plus the lower half of the anal canal.

Front 29

What does the superficial circumflex iliac a. supply?

Back 29

The lateral thigh.

Front 30

What does the superficial epigastric a. supply?

Back 30

The anterior abdominal wall inferior to the umbilicus.

Front 31

What does the profunda femoris a. supply?

Back 31

Two circumflex branches (lateral and medial) supply the hip joint and the gluteal region.
Four perforatiing arteries supply the posterior and medial compartments of the thigh.

Front 32

What artery supplies the anterior compartment?

Back 32

The femoral a.

Front 33

What artery supplies the posterior and medial compartments?

Back 33

Profunda femoris a.

Front 34

Where are the lymphatics of the anterior compartment located?

Back 34

Lymph nodes (1-3) are contained within the femoral canal or just inferior to it, medial to the femoral v.

Front 35

Where do the lymphatics of the anterior compartment drain from?

Back 35

Drain lymph from the deep structures of the lower extremity, the penile urethra, the glans penis, and the glans clitoris.

Front 36

Where do the lymphatics of the anterior compartment drain to?

Back 36

The nodes drain to the external iliac nodes.

Front 37

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

Back 37

Base - inguinal ligament
Lateral side - medial border of the sartorius m.
Medial side - lateral border of the adductor longs m.

Front 38

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

Back 38

-Femoral a. and its branches
-Femoral v. and its tributaries
-Femoral n.
-Lymphatics
-Femoral sheath

Front 39

What muscles are contained within the medial compartment of the thigh?

Back 39

-Gracilis
-Pectineus
-Adductor longus
-Adductor brevis
-Adductor magnus
-Obturator externus

Front 40

Gracilis

Back 40

O: body and inferior ramus of pubis
I: superior part of medial surface of tibia, inferior to tibial tuberosity, b/t the insertions of the semitendinosus and sartorius.
Inv: obturator n.
A: flex the leg, adduct the thigh, and medially rotate hip joint, b/c it crosses two joints

Front 41

Pectineus

Back 41

O: superior ramus of pubis
I: pectineal line of femur, just inferior to lesser trochanter
Inv: femoral n.
A: adduct the thigh and medially rotate hip joint

Front 42

Adductor longus

Back 42

O: body and inferior ramus of pubis
I: middle third of linea aspera of femur, almost whole length of linea aspera in line with pectinous
Inv: obturator n.
A: adduct the thigh and medially rotate the hip joint

Front 43

Adductor brevis

Back 43

O: body and inferior ramus of pubis
I: inferior part of pectineal line and superior part of linea aspera
Inv: obturator n.
A: adduct the thigh and medially rotate the hip joint

Front 44

Adductor magnus

Back 44

O: Adductor part - inferior ramus of pubis
Hamstrings part - ischial tuberosity
I: Adductor part - gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
Hamstrings part - adductor tubercle of femur
Inv: obturator n. and tibial n. (portion from ischial tuberosity that has same origin as hamstrings)
A: adduct the thigh and medially rotate the hip joint

Front 45

Obturator externus

Back 45

O: margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
I: trochanteric fossa of femur
Inv: obturator n.
A: lateral rotator of thigh, holds head of femur in the acetabulum

Front 46

What are the boundaries of the adductor canal?

Back 46

Lateral - vastus medialis
Medial - adductor longus and adductor magnus
Roof - sartorius
The apex of the femoral triangle leads to the adductor canal. Approximately 6" long.

Front 47

What are the contents of the adductor canal?

Back 47

-Femoral a. and v. (exit the canal via adductor hiatus)
-Saphenous a.
-Saphenous n.
-Nerve to the vastus medialis

(Both saphenous a. and n. go to the medial side of the LEG, not thigh)

Front 48

What happens to the saphenous a. and n. as they pass b/t the gracilis and sartorius to the medial side of the knee?

Back 48

They become cutaneous. The saphenous n. accompanies the great saphenous v. all the way to the medial side of the foot, where it terminates.

Front 49

What is the popliteal artery?

Back 49

Continuous with the femoral a.
After the femoral a. passes through the adductor hiatus at the inferior end of the adductor canal, it becomes the popliteal a., located in the popliteal fossa (space behind the knee).