Anterior Abdominal Wall

Front 1

What is the anterior abdominal wall?

Back 1

The area between the rib cage and the pelvis

Front 2

How are the quadrants drawn for the anterior abdomen?

Back 2

vertical line is drawn at the midline of the body through the middle of the sternum and belly button and the horizontal line is drawn through the belly button

Front 3

name these quadrants

Back 3

-Right upper

-Right lower

-Left upper

-Left lower

Front 4

How would you split the abdomen into regions?

Back 4

-Draw two verticle lines at the middle of the clavicles

-One horizontal line will be drawn at the bottom of the rib cage (superiorly at the subcostal plane)

-Another horizontal line will be draw at the top of the iliac crest (inferiorly at the intertubercular plane)

-This will create 9 regions

Front 5

name these regions

Back 5

R. hypochondriac

R. Lumbar

R. Iliac

Epigastric

Umbilical

Hypogastric

L. Hypochondriac

L. Lumbar

L. Iliac

Front 6

Name these superficial palpations

Back 6

A- Linea alba

B- Linea semilunarus

C- Anterior superior iliac spine

D- Pubic tubercle

Front 7

What are the muscles that you will be able to palpate on the anterior abdominal wall?

Back 7

-rectus abdominus

-External oblique

Front 8

What are the bony landmarks that we will be able to palpate on the anterior abdomen?

Back 8

-costal arch

-Sternum (xyphoid)

-Anterior superior iliac spine

-Pubic tubercle

Front 9

What are the three bones of the pelvis?

Back 9

-Ilium

-Ischium

-Pubis

Front 10

When do the three bones of the pelvis fuse?

Back 10

puberty

Front 11

Back 11

A- Iliac crest

B- Iliac tubercle

C- Anterior superior iliac spine

D- Pectin pubis (pectineal line)

E- Pubic tubercle

Front 12

Describe the borders of the anterior abdominal cavity

Back 12

From: Costal arch coming from ribs 6-10 and the xyphoid process

To: Iliac crest and inguinal ligament (stretching from anterior superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle)

Front 13

What are the functions of the abdominal wall?

Back 13

-Protection and stabilization of the abdominal contents

-Trunk rotation and flexion (helps maintain posture)

-Maintain and control intra-abdominal pressure for parturition (child birth) and defecation

-Respiration: opposes diaphragm during exhalation

Front 14

What are the layer of the anterior abdominal wall?

Back 14

-Skin

A- Subcutaneous fascia (campers and scarpa's fascia)

-Muscle layers covered in aponerotic tendinous fascia

B- Transversalis Fascia

C- Peritoneum (serous layer; mesentery)

Front 15

Describe camper's fascia

Back 15

Adipose (fatty) layer coursing with cutaneous nerves and blood vessels

Front 16

Describe Scarpa's Fascia

Back 16

Membranous fascial layer deep to the camper's fascia. Becomes Dartos fascia in scrotum and Colles' fascia in perineum

Front 17

What are the 4 muscular layers of the abdomen?

Back 17

-External oblique

-Internal oblique

-Rectus abdominis

-Transversus abdominis

Front 18

External oblique:

-Origin

-Insertion

-Action

-Innervation

Back 18

-Origin: external surface of ribs 5-12

-Insertion: Linea alba, pubic tubercle, and anterior half of iliac crest

-Action: compress and support abdominal viscera; flex and rotate the trunk

-Innervation: Thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T11) and subcostal nerve (T12)

Front 19

Internal oblique:

-Origin

-Insertion

-Action

-Innervation

Back 19

-Origin: Thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of iliac crest, and connective tissue deep to inguinal ligament

-Insertion: Inferior borders of rubs 1-12, linea alba and pubis via conjoin tendon

-Action: Compress and support abdominal viscera; flex and rotate trunk

-Innervation: Thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T11) and first lumbar nerve (L1)

Front 20

Transversus abdominus:

Origin:

Insertion:

Action:

Innervation:

Back 20

-Origin: Internal surfaces f tibs 7-12 costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and connective tissue deep to inguinal ligament

-Insertion: Linea alba wit aponerosis of internal oblique, pubic crest and pectin pubis via conjoin tendon

-Action: Compress and support abdominal viscera

-Innervation: Toraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T11) and first lumbar nerve (L1)

Front 21

Rectus abdominis:
Origin:

Insertion:

Action:

Innervation:

Back 21

-Origin: Pubic symphysis and pubic crest -Insertion: Xiphoidprocess and costal cartilages 5-7

-Action: Flexes trunk(lumbar vertebrae) and compresses abdominal viscera (can act as an antagonist to the diaphragm. Stabilizes andcontrols pelvic tilt (antilordosis)

-Innervation:Thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of inferior six thoracic nerves)|