Antebellum Era & Causes Of The Civil War

Front 1

What kind of industries thrived in the North?

Back 1

Railroads, factories

Front 2

Why did about 1/4 of the population in Ireland immigrate to the United states?

Back 2

Potato famine

Front 3

Why didn't many Irish immigrants settle in the South? What was their stance (view) on slavery?

Back 3

The slave economy left few paid jobs. Many Irish

were pro-slavery because they didn't want to

compete with African-Americans for paid jobs

Front 4

How did the German immigrants compare to the Irish immigrants?

Back 4

The Germans had more skilled laborers and better financial means.

Front 5

What position did the German immigrants tend to take on slavery?

Back 5

They were anti-slavery; their communities were often led by former revolutionaries

Front 6

What was the platform of the Know-Nothing Party?

Back 6

Restrict rights of Catholics and foreign-born Americans and to restrict immigration from Catholic countries

Front 7

What was the name for the religious revival that extended into the antebellum period of the United States?

Back 7

Second Great Awakening

Front 8

What was the population balance between North and South at the time of the war?

Back 8

21 million Northerners to 9 million Southerners. About 3.5 to 4 million of the Southerners were slaves.

Front 9

What does "antebellum" typically refer to in the United States?

Back 9

The pre-civil war culture, where slavery was accepted/tolerated

Front 10

How much cotton did the South generate by the time of the civil war?

Back 10

3/4 of the world's cotton supply; almost 60% of American exports

Front 11

What progressive religious group led the early attempts at abolition?

Back 11

The Quakers

Front 12

Who began the first anti-slavery newspaper in 1831?

Back 12

William Lloyd Garrison began The Liberator, which declared slavery to be a sin

Front 13

What former slave became one of the most famous black men in the country, thanks to his eloquent speeches on the black condition and women's rights?

Back 13

Frederick Douglass

Front 14

What escaped slave became a humanitarian, abolitionist, and Union spy, helping over many other slaves escape to freedom?

Back 14

Harriet Tubman

Front 15

Which abolitionist was known for his radical views and violence?

Back 15

John Brown, who led the Pottawatomie Massacre in Bleeding Kansas in 1856

Front 16

What was the Underground Railroad?

Back 16

A network of abolitionists who helped free fugitive slaves

Front 17

What 1852 book had a profound affect on the public's view of slavery?

Back 17

Harriet Beecher Stowe's "Uncle Tom's Cabin." 500,000 copies were printed within a year of publication.

Front 18

What was Harriet Beecher Stowe's experience with slavery?

Back 18

She and her husband supported the Underground Railroad and housed several fugitive slaves in their home

Front 19

Why did Southerners vote against admission of California into the union in 1850?

Back 19

California decided to be a free state (no slavery)

Front 20

What did the Missouri Compromise of 1820 do?

Back 20

1) Prohibited slavery North of parallel 36°30' north;

2) Missouri entered the US as a slave state while Maine entered as a free state;

3) Kept the balance of power in the Senate (12 free states and 12 slave states)

Front 21

Which act of Congress repealed the Missouri Compromise?

Back 21

The Kansas-Nebraska act of 1854

Front 22

What was the Mexican War?

Back 22

An armed conflict between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848 that followed the 1845 U.S. annexation of Texas, which Mexico considered part of its territory despite the 1836 Texas Revolution.

Front 23

What was contained in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 1848

Back 23

The peace treaty that ended the Mexican-American war that included purchase of the Mexican cessation (now the southwest United States). At the time of the Civil War, the slavery status of this territory was argued.

Front 24

What were the five parts of the Compromise of 1850?

Back 24

1) California admitted as a free state
2) Popular sovereignty would determine the fate of slavery in Utah and NM territories.
3) Congress would cancel some of Texas's debts and in exchange, Texas would give land to the New Mexico territory.
4) Slave trading banned in D.C.
5) Congress would pass a tougher Fugitive Slave Law.

Front 25

What politician developed the Compromise of 1850?

Back 25

Henry Clay -- the "Great Compromiser"

Front 26

What did the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 require?

Back 26

Fugitive slaves must be returned to their owner; slaves could not testify on their own behalf; no trial by jury; and anyone aiding escape of a slave is guilty of a crime.

Front 27

What was the Northern response to to the Fugitive Slave Law?

Back 27

Many were offended by it and refused to obey it. Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin.

Front 28

What is popular sovereignty in regards to slavery?

Back 28

That the citizens living in each territory should decide or themselves whether theirs would become a slave state or a free state.

Front 29

What was the Kansas-Nebraska act of 1854?

Back 29

An act creating the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, repealing the Missouri Compromise of 1820 & Compromise of 1850, allowing settlers in those territories to determine if they would allow slavery within their boundaries.

Front 30

How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act impact the war?

Back 30

The fight over slavery status of the territory divided the nation politically.

Front 31

What happened when the Whig party fell apart?

Back 31

Northern Whigs joined with the Free-Soil Party to form the new Republican party

Front 32

Who were "Border Ruffians"?

Back 32

Thousands of pro-slavery Missourians who moved to Kansas, with their slaves, to further their cause through popular sovereignty

Front 33

What was Bleeding Kansas?

Back 33

A series of violent events between Free-Soilers and Border Ruffians in Kansas and Missouri, between 1854 and 1858

Front 34

How did John Brown contribute to Bleeding Kansas?

Back 34

With his sons, he brutally murdered 5 pro-slavery farmers in the Pottawatomie Massacre.

Front 35

What violent event in the Senate was a result of the Kansas controversy?

Back 35

South Carolina Congressman Preston Brooks brutally beat Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner with his cane because of Sumner's anti-slavery speech a week before. This is called the "Caning of Sumner." It ended the era of compromise in Congress.

Front 36

What supreme court action regarding slavery stirred up anger among anti-slavery Northerners?

Back 36

The Dred Scott Decision of 1857

Front 37

What were the key rulings of the Dred Scott Decision?

Back 37

1) Slaves were not citizens and therefore were not protected by the Constitution.
2) Congress could not prohibit slavery in federal territories.
3) Slaves were property and thus could not be taken away from their 'owners' without due process.

Front 38

What statement did the Dred Scott decision make about the Missouri Compromise?

Back 38

It declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.

Front 39

Why did the Supreme Court feel the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional?

Back 39

Because it interfered with the 5th ammentment rights of slave owners.

Front 40

Who led the raid on Harpers Ferry?

Back 40

John Brown

Front 41

What was the specific intention of the Harper's Ferry attack?

Back 41

To start an armed slave revolt in Virginia.

Front 42

What happened to John Brown?

Back 42

After being captured by Robert E. Lee, he was tried for treason, sentenced to death, and hanged. Many abolitionists regarded him as a martyr.

Front 43

What was Lincoln's personal position on slavery?

Back 43

He was morally opposed to it, but he valued the Union more. He did not want it to expand into new territories or states.

Front 44

How did the South respond to Lincoln's election?

Back 44

South Carolina immediately seceded, and six other states followed shortly after.

Front 45

In his 1861 inaugural speech, how did Lincoln address the crisis caused by states seceding?

Back 45

He reaffirmed the North's friendship with the South, pressed for unity, and argued that secession was illegal under the constitution. He also indicated he'd make no move against the South unless provoked.

Front 46

What was the biggest result of the Lincoln-Douglas Debates?

Back 46

Lincoln gained national recognition and popularity

Front 47

Which Amendment would nullify the Dred Scott case decision regarding African-American citizenship?

Back 47

The 14th Amendment made all people born in the US citizens. This included African-Americans even if they were formerly slaves.

Front 48

What did the South regard as the purpose of the Civil War?

Back 48

States' Rights

Front 49

What is the term that means the nation was divided into regional interests?

Back 49

Sectionalism -- people were more concerned about their own region as opposed to being dedicated to what was best for the nation

Front 50

At the beginning of the Civil War, what was the purpose of the Civil War for Lincoln and the Union?

Back 50

To keep the Union together. They would not allow the South to secede and form their own nation.

Front 51

When did the focus of the Civil War become the ending of slavery?

Back 51

After Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which took effect January 1, 1863.