Ant416 Larynx

Front 1

The ____ is a part of respiratory system ONLY and contributes to upper respiratory pathway. (unlike the pharynx which is both).

Back 1

larynx

Front 2

the larynx is a Musculoligamentous structure with a ____ framework.

Back 2

cartilaginous

Front 3

The larynx Lies at the level of ____ thru ____ vertebral bodies

Back 3

C3-C6

Front 4

the larynx Connects ____ to the oropharynx with the trachea.

Back 4

inferiorly

Front 5

the larynx Opens into the pharynx _______.

Back 5

posteriorly

Front 6

What are three SINGLE cartilages of the larynx?

Back 6

1. cricoid 2. thyroid 3. epiglottic

Front 7

What are three PAIRED cartilages of the larynx?

Back 7

1. arytenoid 2. corniculate 3. cuneiform

Front 8

The larynx is highly mobile and can be moved by extrinsic muscles. During swallowing, the larynx is moved ___ and ____ by these muscles

Back 8

superior and anterior

Front 9

Superior part of which larungeal cartilage lies at the level of C4?

Back 9

thryoid cartilage

Front 10

Lamina of the thyoid cartilage unite anteriorly, forming a laryngeal prominence. Angle between the prominence is sharper (___ degrees) in men than in women (____ degrees).

Back 10

90, 120

Front 11

____ horns of the thyroid cartilage articulate with the cricoid cartilage (cricothyroid joints) – rotation and gliding causing changes of the length of vocal folds

Back 11

Inferior

Front 12

Thryoid cartilage - Superior border and superior horns attach to the hyoid bone by ____ membrane.

Back 12

thyrohyoid

Front 13

which laryngeal cartilage forms a full circle?

Back 13

Cricoid cartilage

Front 14

the ___ cartilage has a Thin arch anteriorly and broad lamina posteriorly.

Back 14

Cricoid cartilage

Front 15

The cricoid cartilage Attaches to the thyroid cartilage by median cricothyroid (can be palpated) and to the 1st tracheal ring by what?

Back 15

cricotracheal ligaments

Front 16

What part of the cricoid cartilage has 1. –Depressions for posterior crico-arytenoid muscles 2.–Ridge for attachment of the esophagus 3. –Facets for articulation with other laryngeal cartilages

Back 16

lamina

Front 17

which laryngeal cartilage Has a base that articulates with the lamina of the cricoid?

Back 17

Arytenoid (Greek for “ladle shaped”)

Front 18

which laryngeal cartilage Has a Muscular process for crico-arytenoid muscles?

Back 18

Arytenoid (Greek for “ladle shaped”)

Front 19

which laryngeal cartilage Has a Vocal process for vocal ligaments?

Back 19

Arytenoid (Greek for “ladle shaped”)

Front 20

which laryngeal cartilage Has an apex that articulates with the corniculate cartilages, and vestibular ligaments?

Back 20

Arytenoid (Greek for “ladle shaped”)

Front 21

what is the function of the Corniculate cartilages?

Back 21

ligamentous attachment for extra leverage on Arytenoid

Front 22

What laryngeal cartilage Is suspended in the fibroelastic membrane that attaches the arytenoid to the epiglottis?

Back 22

Cuneiform (wedge shaped) cartilages

Front 23

Vocal ligaments attach to vocal process of arytenoid and posterior surface of _____ cartilages.

Back 23

thyroid

Front 24

which joint provides Possible movement at – latero – medial sliding, antero-posterior tilting and rotation (movements provide approximating, tensing and relaxing of vocal cords ?

Back 24

CRICOARYTENOID JOINT

Front 25

what are found Between the junction of the lamina of the thyroid and vocal processes of both arytenoids?

Back 25

VOCAL LIGAMENTS

Front 26

What are the submucosal skeleton of the vocal folds?

Back 26

Cricovocal membrane (conus elasticus) - Vocal ligaments

Front 27

Cricovocal membrane (conus elasticus) has laterally extending what?

Back 27

lateral cricothyroid ligaments. These attach to the vocal ligaments.

Front 28

Conus elasticus and overlying mucosa close the tracheal inlet (subglottic area) except for the ___ ____

Back 28

rima glottidis

Front 29

which cartilage is Leaf-shaped?

Back 29

epiglottis

Front 30

which cartilage is Attached to the thyroid (thyro-epiglottic ligament) and hyoid (hyo-epiglottic ligament)?

Back 30

epiglottis

Front 31

the epiglottis Projects _______

Back 31

posterosuperiorly

Front 32

The pharyngeal aspect of the tongue related to the anterior surface of which laryngeal cartilage?

Back 32

epiglottis

Front 33

the ____ membrane is between arytenoid and epiglottis and its free inferior margin forms vestibular ligaments (skeleton of vestibular folds).

Back 33

Quadrangular

Front 34

Superior margin of the _____ membrane is ary-epiglottic ligament

Back 34

Quadrangular

Front 35

epiglottis is posterior to the tongue and ____ to laryngeal inlet and provides the defense during swallowing

Back 35

anterior

Front 36

what membrane Spans between the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid bone?

Back 36

Thyrohyoid membrane

Front 37

what membrane Has a lateral opening for superior laryngeal arteries, nerves, and lymphatics?

Back 37

Thyrohyoid membrane

Front 38

What membrane Attaches the ant. surface of the epiglottis to the hyoid bone?

Back 38

Hyo-epiglottic ligament (singular)

Front 39

what ligament Attaches the cricoid cartilage to the trachea?

Back 39

Cricotrachael ligament

Front 40

The ____ ligaments define the internal laryngeal architecture. They are composed of two parts: lower cricothyroid and upper quadrangular membrane

Back 40

intrinsic

Front 41

which ligament is Attached to the cricoid cartilage below and ends in a free upper margin within the thyroid cartilage?

Back 41

Lower cricothyroid ligament

Front 42

The free upper margin of the lower cricothyroid ligament attaches to what posteriorly and anteriorly?

Back 42

Posteriorly, the vocal part of the arytenoid cartilage. Anteriorly, the inner surface of the thyroid cartilage

Front 43

The free upper margin of which ligament thickens to form the vocal ligament?

Back 43

Lower cricothyroid ligament

Front 44

When surrounded by mucosa, the vocal ligaments are the (true or false) vocal cords?

Back 44

TRUE

Front 45

what membrane attaches the epiglottis to the lateral surface of the arytenoid cartilages and the corniculate cartilages, bilaterally?

Back 45

Upper quadrangular membrane

Front 46

the free lower margin is thickened to form the vestibular ligament which forms the (true or false) vocal cords when surrounded by mucosa, these also attach to the inner surface of the thyroid cartilage.

Back 46

FALSE

Front 47

because the vestibular ligament is lateral to the vocal ligament, when viewed from above, the false vocal cords are lateral to the TRUE OR FALSE vocal cords.

Back 47

TRUE

Front 48

Laryngeal Cavity Divisions (Vestibule, Middle Part, Infraglottic Space) is the upper chamber between the laryngeal inlet and vestibular folds?

Back 48

Vestibule

Front 49

Laryngeal Cavity Divisions (Vestibule, Middle Part, Infraglottic Space). Which one is between the vestibular and vocal folds?

Back 49

Middle Part

Front 50

Laryngeal ventricles & saccules - between vocal folds the mucosa bulges, thus creating saccules. What is numerous here?

Back 50

numerous mucous glands secrete mucus to lubricate the focal cords

Front 51

Laryngeal Cavity Divisions (Vestibule, Middle Part, Infraglottic Space). which one is between true vocal folds and trachea?

Back 51

Infraglottic space

Front 52

When viewed from above, there are two slit-like (rima) openings in the larynx. The apex of the triangle is ___ and the base is ____. (anterior or posterior)

Back 52

anterior, posterior

Front 53

Rima _____ is the triangular space between vestibular folds.

Back 53

vestibuli

Front 54

Rima ____ is the triangular space between vocal folds.

Back 54

glottidis

Front 55

Both the rima vestibuli and rima glottidis can be opened and closed by the movement of ___ and ____ cartilages and ____ constriction

Back 55

arytenoid, thryoid, vestibular

Front 56

what do the Cricothyroid Muscles do?

Back 56

During speech, these pull the thyroid cartilage anterior and down, thereby tensing the vocal cords.

Front 57

What are the only intrinsic laryngeal muscles innervated by the superior laryngeal branches of the vagus nerves (CN X)

Back 57

Cricothyroid Muscles

Front 58

Besides the Cricothyroid muscles, all other intrinsic laryngeal muscles are innervated by which nerve/branch?

Back 58

the recurrent laryngeal branch.

Front 59

Damage to which nerve would result in flaccid vocal cords and a monotonous, low pitch to the voice?

Back 59

the superior laryngeal nerve, (since the rest of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles, NOT cricothyroid , are innervated by the recurrent laryngeal).

Front 60

what are The only muscles that open the glottis?

Back 60

Posterior Crico-Arytenoid Muscles

Front 61

Posterior Crico-Arytenoid Muscles - innervation?

Back 61

They are innervated by the recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve

Front 62

Posterior Crico-Arytenoid Muscles - origin and insertion?

Back 62

Originate in the depression on the posterior lamina of the cricoid cartilage. Insert on the muscular processes of the arytenoid cartilages

Front 63

Posterior Crico-Arytenoid Muscles - action?

Back 63

They laterally rotate and abduct the arytenoid cartilages, thereby widening the rima glottidis

Front 64

Lateral Crico-Arytenoid Muscles - innervation?

Back 64

They are innervated by the recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve

Front 65

Lateral Crico-Arytenoid Muscles - origin and insertion?

Back 65

Originates from the arches of the cricoid cartilage. Insert - Attach to the muscular processes of the arytenoid cartilages

Front 66

Lateral Crico-Arytenoid Muscles - action?

Back 66

They abduct and internally rotate the arytenoid cartilages, thereby narrowing the rima glottidis

Front 67

what is the unpaired laryngeal muscle that is attached to the posterior surface of the aretynoid cartilages?

Back 67

Transverse arytenoid muscle

Front 68

Transverse arytenoid muscle - action?

Back 68

Adducts the arytenoid cartilages, closes rima glottidis

Front 69

Transverse arytenoid muscle - innervation?

Back 69

Innervated by the recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve

Front 70

what laryngeal muscle Runs between the muscular process of one arytenoid cartilage to the apex of the other? (criss-cross)

Back 70

Oblique arytenoid muscles

Front 71

Oblique arytenoid muscles - action?

Back 71

Are helpful in narrowing the laryngeal inlet

Front 72

Oblique arytenoid muscles - innervation?

Back 72

Innervated by the recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve

Front 73

what muscle Runs lateral to and parallel with each vocal ligament (Attached to the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages adjacent to the vocal ligaments)?

Back 73

Vocalis Muscles

Front 74

Vocalis Muscles - action?

Back 74

Adjust tension in the vocal folds

Front 75

Vocalis Muscles - innervation?

Back 75

Innervated by the recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve

Front 76

which laryngeal muscle Originates on the inner surface of the thyroid cartilage and Attaches to the anterolateral surface of the arytenoid cartilages?

Back 76

Thyro-Arytenoid Muscles

Front 77

Thyro-Arytenoid Muscles - innervation

Back 77

Innervated by the recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve

Front 78

Thyro-Arytenoid Muscles - action?

Back 78

Vestibular sphincter. shortens and relaxes vestibular and vocal ligaments. Also can rotate aretynoid cartilage medially to approx vocal folds and close rima glottidis.

Front 79

Which laryngeal muscles are broad and lateral to the quadrangular membrane, so they can act as a sphincter of the vestibule?

Back 79

Thyro-Arytenoid Muscles

Front 80

if I take a deep breath, (forced inspiration), what cartilage rotates laterally, and by the action of what muscle?

Back 80

Arytenoid cartilages are rotated laterally by the posterior crico-arytenoid muscles, As a result, the vocal folds are abducted and the rima glottidis widens

Front 81

in Quiet respiration, the rima's are open, as well as the laryngeal inlet and vestibule. The aretynoid cartilages are in what position?

Back 81

abducted.

Front 82

in phonation, The arytenoid cartilages and vocal folds are _____ (abducted OR adducted) and air is forced through the narrow opening

Back 82

adducted

Front 83

the adduction of the aretynoid cartilages and vocal folds produces a vibration and sound that can be modified by what?

Back 83

upper parts of the airway and oral cavity

Front 84

in phonation, Tension of the vocal cords is adjusted by which two different muscles?

Back 84

the vocalis and cricothyroid muscles

Front 85

Effort Closure - Occurs when air is retained in the thoracic cavity to stabilize the trunk, or to increase intra-abdominal pressure. The rima glottidis and vestibuli are both ______ closed as is the lower parts of the vestibule

Back 85

completely

Front 86

in swallowing, The rima glottidis and vestibuli are closed and the laryngeal inlet is _____

Back 86

narrowed

Front 87

in swallowing The larynx moves in which direction?

Back 87

up and forward

Front 88

in swallowing, The epiglottis swings in which direction?

Back 88

downward toward the arytenoid cartilages. This action causes the esophagus to open.

Front 89

which artery Branches off the superior thyroid artery near the upper border of the thyroid cartilage? (It accompanies the superior laryngeal nerve through the thyrohyoid membrane to reach the larynx)

Back 89

Superior laryngeal artery

Front 90

Which artery Branches off the inferior thyroid artery Accompanies the recurrent laryngeal nerve as it ascends in the groove between the esophagus and trachea? (It enters the larynx deep to the inferior constrictor muscle of the pharynx)

Back 90

Inferior laryngeal artery

Front 91

the superior laryngeal nerves originate from the inferior vagal ganlgia and descend ____ to the internal carotid artery.

Back 91

medial

Front 92

the superior laryngeal nerves originate from the inferior vagal ganlgia and descend medially to which artery?

Back 92

internal carotid artery

Front 93

Near which bone, do the superior laryngeal nerves divide into internal and external branches?

Back 93

hyoid bone

Front 94

Which nerve penetrates the thryoid membrane after branching from the superior laryngeal nerve?

Back 94

internal laryngeal nerve

Front 95

Internal laryngeal nerve Passes anteroinferiorly, from its division from the superior laryngeal nerve, then penetrates what?

Back 95

the thyroid membrane

Front 96

the _____ laryngeal nerve, is mainly sensory and supplies the laryngeal cavity down to the vocal folds

Back 96

internal. (branch of the superior laryngeal nerve)

Front 97

which nerve after dividing from the superior laryngeal nerve, descends along the lateral wall of the pharynx?

Back 97

external laryngeal (a branch of the superior laryngeal nerve)

Front 98

which nerve enters the larynx by piercing the inferior constrictor muscle?

Back 98

external laryngeal (a branch of the superior laryngeal nerve)

Front 99

what nerve innervates the cricothyroid muscle?

Back 99

external laryngeal (a branch of the superior laryngeal nerve)

Front 100

Sensory to the laryngeal cavity below the vocal folds is by which nerve?

Back 100

Recurrent laryngeal nerves

Front 101

motor to all intrinsic laryngeal muscles, except the cricothyroid, is by which nerve?

Back 101

Recurrent laryngeal nerves

Front 102

what regulates secretion of the thyroid gland?

Back 102

pituitary gland

Front 103

Back 103

Front 104

Back 104

Front 105

Back 105

Front 106

Back 106

Front 107

Back 107