Ant100 - (Incomplete)

Front 1

Intrinsic/Deep/True Muscles Compared to Extrinsic/Superficial:
1. Close or far to Spinal Column?

Back 1

Close
(Extrinsic/Superficial develop later and come later)

Front 2

Intrinsic/Deep/True Muscles Compared to Extrinsic/Superficial:
Develop earlier or later?

Back 2

Earlier

(Extrinsic/Superficial develop later)

Front 3

Intrinsic/Deep/True Muscles have what function?

Back 3

Maintain posture and control vertebral movements.
(Extrinsic/Superficial Mainly act to move and position the upper limb, neck, and thorax)

Front 4

Intrinsic/Deep/True Muscles are innervated by which nerves?

Back 4

Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves
(Extrinsic/Superficial are innervated by the ventral rami of spinal nerves)

Front 5

Intrinsic/Deep/True Muscles Compared to Extrinsic/Superficial:
Fascia or no fascia?

Back 5

Fascia! Put into a "sock" called the thoraclumbar fascia.
(Extrinsic/Superficial are external to this "sock" and have no fascia.)

Front 6

What are the categories of the Intrinsic/Deep/True Muscles?

Back 6

Superficial, Intermediate, and Deep
(Note that Extrinsic/Superficial muscles are grouped by Supericial and Intermediate layers only, (no deep).)

Front 7

The fraction of administered dose of a drug that reaches systemic circulation

Back 7

Bioavailability (F)

Front 8

Muscle: Trapezius
First find it on dissection.
1. Function. 2. Origin. 3. Insertion. 4. Blood Supply. 5. Innervation

Back 8

1. Elevates and depresses scapula, rotates scap superiorly, or retracts scap
2. middle nuchal line, ext occ protuberance, C7 - T12
3. Lateral 3rd of clavicle, acromion, spine of scap
4. transverse cervical a.
5.motor: spinal accessory (XI), proprioception: C3-C4

Front 9

I. Intrinsic Deep Back Muscles
i. Superficial - muscles and function?

Back 9

Splenius
(Extensors and rotators of the head and neck)

Front 10

I. Intrinsic Deep Back Muscles
ii. Intermediate - muscles and function?

Back 10

erector spinae
(illiocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)
(Extensor of the vertebral column)

Front 11

I. Intrinsic Deep Back Muscles
iii. Deep - muscles and function?

Back 11

transversospinales
(semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores)
(Vertebral column rotators.)

Front 12

Muscle: Segmental Deep/Minor Deep Back Muscles
First find it on dissection.
1. Function.
2. Origin.
3. Insertion.
4. Blood Supply.
5. Innervation
6. Categorization

Back 12

muscles: interspinales, intertransversarii, levatores costarum
1. aid in rotation and extension of vert column, flexion, stabilization, (also elevate ribs and assist respiration).
2. Spinous and transverse processess of vertebrae.
3. Adjacent processess of vertebrae, ribs.
4. deep cervical a., intercostal aa., subcostal aa., lumbar aa.
5. Dorsal Primary rami of spinal nerves (except lateral part of intertransversarii - anterior/ventral rami)
6. Deep Back Muscles > Minor Deep/Segmental > Interspinales, Intertransversarii, and Levatores Costorum

Front 13

"serratus posterior superior" as well as "inferior" are innervated by branches of ________ nerves (_____ rami).

Back 13

intercostal nerves

anterior rami

Front 14

Extrinsic Superficial Muscle group of the back is innervated by which rami?

Back 14

anterior rami

Front 15

Intrinsic Deep Muscle group of the back is innervated by which rami?

Back 15

posterior rami

Front 16

What is the Blood supply to the Deep Muscle of the back?

Back 16

The dorsal branch of the posterior intercostal arteries

Front 17

Medial branches of the dorsal/posterior rami in addition to supplying the Deep Back muscles also give afferent twigs to what two areas in the back? ALSO, one more additional branch supplies what area?

Back 17

The zygopophyseal joints of vertebrae as well as the posteriorly placed ligaments are innervated by a medial branch of a posterior rami. ALSO, on additional branch innervates the skin of the back.

Front 18

skeletal muscles are formed from what in regions called dermomyotomes.

Back 18

Myoblasts

Front 19

dermamyotomes differentiate into what two segments? (both innervated by same spinal nerve that splits.

Back 19

epaxial/dorsal and hypaxial/ventral segments.

Front 20

In development of the back, a dermatome received innervation from __ segment(s) while a myotome receives innervation from __ segment(s).

Back 20

1;many.

Front 21

List the muscle group name for muscles in the Deep back in the Deep category. List the inidividual muscles from anterior to posterior.

Back 21

Transversospinales
a. Rotatores
b. Multifidus
c. Semispinalis

Front 22

Muscle: Semispinalis
First find it on dissection.
1. Function.
2. Origin.
3. Insertion.
4. Blood Supply.
5. Innervation
6. Categorization

Back 22

1. Extends head and thoracic and cervical regions of vertebral column and rotates them contralateraly.
2. transverse processes of C4-T10
3. 4-6 segments above superomedially onto spinous process in upper thoracic and cervical regions and nuchal line of skull.
4. supplied segmentally by deep cervical artery, posterior intercostal artery, subcostal arteries, and lumbar arteries.
5. dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-T12
6. Deep Back Muscle > Deep (transversospinal group) > anterior to multifidus, and more so to rotatores

Front 23

Muscle: Multifidus
First find it on dissection.
1. Function.
2. Origin.
3. Insertion.
4. Blood Supply.
5. Innervation
6. Categorization

Back 23

1. Bilaterally stabilizes vertebral column during local movements. Unilaterally rotates column contralaterally.
2. arises from sacrum, ilium, aponeurosis of erector spinae, and processess of all vertebrae except C1-C3.
3. superomedially from origin onto spinous processess 2-4 segments above - thicker in lumbar region when extending from iliac crest instead of processess
4.supplied segmentally by deep cervical artery, posterior intercostal artery, subcostal arteries, and lumbar arteries.
5. Dorsal primary rami of C1-L5 spinal nerves
6. Deep Back Muscle > Deep (Transverospinales group) > Anterior to rotatores, posterior to semispinales

Front 24

Muscle: Rotatores
First find it on dissection.
1. Function.
2. Origin.
3. Insertion.
4. Blood Supply.
5. Innervation
6. Categorization

Back 24

1. possibly Stabilization of vert column / rotation
2. transverse process of vertebrae (more so in thoracic vertebrae)
3. superomedially attach 1 or 2 segments above on transverse process and mainly lamina of vertebrae. (brevus fibers do 1 segment, longus fibers do 2 segments)
4. deep cervical artery, posterior intercostal artery, subcostal artery, lumbar artery.
5.dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-L5
6. Deep Back Muscle > Deep (Transverospinales group) > Anterior to multifidus, more so to semispinales

Front 25

Muscle: Spinalis
First find it on dissection.
1. Function.
2. Origin.
3. Insertion.
4. Blood Supply.
5. Innervation
6. Categorization

Back 25

1. Bilaterally extend vertebral column and head. Control movement by lengthening fibers as back is flexed. Unilaterally laterally flex vert column.
2. Arise by broad tendon from posterior part of iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, sacro-illiac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processess, and supraspinous ligament.
3. fibers run superiorly to spinous processess in upper thoracic region and to cranium.
4. supplied segmentally by: deep cervical a., posterior intercostal aa., subcostal aa., lumbar aa.
5. Dorsal/Posterior rami of spinal nerves C1-S5
6. Deep Back Muscles > Intermediate (Erector Spinae group) > Medial to longissimus and more so to Illiocostalis

Front 26

Muscle: Longissimus
First find it on dissection.
1. Function.
2. Origin.
3. Insertion.
4. Blood Supply.
5. Innervation
6. Categorization

Back 26

1. Bilaterally extend vertebral column and head. Control movement by lengthening fibers as back is flexed. Unilaterally laterally flex vert column.
2. Arise by broad tendon from posterior part of iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, sacro-illiac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processess, and supraspinous ligament.
3. fibers run superiorly to ribs between tubercles and anglesto transverse processess in thoraci and cervial regions and to mastoid process of bone.
4. supplied segmentally by: deep cervical a., posterior intercostal aa., subcostal aa., lumbar aa.
5. Dorsal/Posterior rami of spinal nerves C1-S5
6. Deep Back Muscles > Intermediate (Erector Spinae group) > Lateral to spinales but medial to Iliocostalis

Front 27

Muscle: Illiocostalis
First find it on dissection.
1. Function.
2. Origin.
3. Insertion.
4. Blood Supply.
5. Innervation
6. Categorization

Back 27

1. Bilaterally extend vertebral column and head. Control movement by lengthening fibers as back is flexed. Unilaterally laterally flex vert column.
2. Arise by broad tendon from posterior part of iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, sacro-illiac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processess, and supraspinous ligament.
3. fibers run superiorly to angles of lower ribs and cervical transverse processess
4. supplied segmentally by: deep cervical a., posterior intercostal aa., subcostal aa., lumbar aa.
5. Dorsal/Posterior rami of spinal nerves C1-S5
6. Deep Back Muscles > Intermediate (Erector Spinae group) > Lateral to Longissimus and more so to Spinales

Front 28

Muscle: Splenius Capitis
First find it on dissection.
1. Function.
2. Origin.
3. Insertion.
4. Blood Supply.
5. Innervation
6. Categorization

Back 28

1. Laterally flex neck and rotate head to side of active muscles. Bilaterally extend head and neck.
2. Arise from nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T3 or T4 of vert columns AND the supraspinous ligament
3. Mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral third of superior nuchal line of occipital bone
4.supplied segmentally by: deep cervical a., posterior intercostal aa.
5. posterior rami of spinale nerves C2-C6
6. Deep Back Muscle > Superficial > Splenius (Spinotransversales group) > a couple segments superior to splenius cervicis

Front 29

Muscle: Splenius Cervicis
First find it on dissection.
1. Function.
2. Origin.
3. Insertion.
4. Blood Supply.
5. Innervation
6. Categorization

Back 29

1. Laterally flex neck and rotate head to side of active muscles. Bilaterally extend head and neck.
2. Arise from nuchal ligament, spinous processes of T3-T6 of vert columns
3. inserts onto transverse processes of C1-C3 or C4 vertebrae.
4.supplied segmentally by: deep cervical a., posterior intercostal aa.
5. posterior rami of spinale nerves C2-C6
6. Deep Back Muscle > Superficial > Splenius (Spinotransversales group) > a couple segments inferior to splenius Capitis

Front 30

Suboccipital Triangle
What blood vessel and nerve is in this area?

List the structure that forms the boundary:
Superomedially -
Superiolaterally -
Inferiolaterally -
Floor -
Roof -

Back 30

Blood: vertebral artery
Nerve: Suboccipital Nerve C1

Boundaries:
Superomedially - Rectus capitis posterior major
Superiolaterally - Superior oblique
Inferiolaterally - Inferior oblique
Floor - Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane and posterior arch of C1
Roof - Semispinalis Capitis

Front 31

The Vertebral artery:
1. Branches bilaterally from which artery?
2. Courses superiorly through which vertebraes' transverse processess?
3. Arches posteriorly, lying between the posterior arch of the atlas and the ____ ____ of the skull.
4. Pierces the posterior atlantooccipital membrane and enters the skull through the ____ ____ to contribute to the circle of Willis via the basilar artery.
5. A bony fracture or tumor occluding this artery might present what?

Back 31

1. subclavian artery
2. C1 - C6
3. Occipital condyles
4. Foramen Magnum
5. Fainting spells or dizziness

Front 32

The suboccipital triangle and all muscles associated with it are innervated by which nerve?

Back 32

Suboccipital Nerve - Dorsal Ramus of C1.

Front 33

Name four muscles involveds in flexion at the atlanto-occipital joint?

Back 33

LIARantS!!!!
Longus Capitus
Infrahyoid
Anterior fibers of sternoleidomastoid
Rectus capitus anterior
Suprahyoid

Front 34

Name six muscles involved in extension at the atlanto-occipital joint?

Back 34

TSOsoup, LRpost
Rectus capitis posterior (maj and min)
Longissimus Capitis
Obliquues capitis superior
Splenius capitis
Trapezius

Front 35

Drug with a high margin of safety

Back 35

High therapeutic index

Front 36

A genetic trait will sometimes cause what to happen at the inferior edge of the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane?

Back 36

Occasionally the membrane will ossify, creating a foramen rather than a full opening. This can result in constriction of the vertebral artery.

Front 37

Drug with a narrow margin of safety has a low what?

Back 37

Low therapeutic index

Front 38

Name six muscles involved in rotation at the atlanto-occipital joint?

Back 38

Contra-SS
Sternoclediomastoid
Semispinalis Capitis

Ipsi-SLRpostOinf
Splenius capitis
Longissimus capitis
Rectus capitis posterior (maj and min)
Obliquus capitis inferior

Front 39

MOA of Bisphosphonates

Back 39

Inhibits osteoclast bone resorption

Front 40

Drug that works on Mast cells to reduce release of hisamine and inflammatory mediators

Back 40

Epinephrine