Ant Seg - Vocab

Front 1

trachoma

Back 1

chlamydia infection of the eye

Front 2

aponeurosis

Back 2

flat sheet of tendon-like material that covers a muscle and/or connects it to another muscle

Front 3

DCR

Back 3

dacryocystorhinostomy - Sx procedure to create anastomosis between lacrimal sac and nasal mucosa

Front 4

conjunctivochalasis

Back 4

fold of redundant bulbar conjunctiva, can cover or displace punctum, leading to epiphora

Front 5

cannula

Back 5

curved, blunt-tipped "needle" on 2ml saline-filled syringe used to irrigate lacrimal system

Front 6

dacryolithiasis

Back 6

dacryoliths (lacrimal stones); may occur in any part of lacrimal system

Front 7

congenital dacryocele

Back 7

amniotocele; collection of amniotic fluid or mucus in lacrimal sac caused by imperforate (unperforated) Hasner valve

Front 8

dacryoadenitis

Back 8

inflamed lacrimal gland

Front 9

dacryocystitis

Back 9

infection of lacrimal sac

Front 10

madarosis

Back 10

loss of eyelashes

Front 11

hypertrichosis

Back 11

excess eyelashes

Front 12

poliosis

Back 12

whitening of eyelashes

Front 13

trichiasis

Back 13

inward turning of eyelashes

Front 14

distichiasis

Back 14

accessory row of eyelashes

Front 15

phthiriasis palpebrarum

Back 15

eyelash pubic lice infestation

Front 16

impetigo

Back 16

Strep. or Staph. infection of the superficial lid/skin

Front 17

erysipelas

Back 17

acute skin infection (cellulitis) with raised borders

Front 18

cellulitis

Back 18

skin infection involving the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue

Front 19

meibomianitis

Back 19

inflammation and obstruction of meibomian glands

Front 20

chalazion

Back 20

sebaceous (meibomian or Zeis) cyst; chronic, sterile, lipo-granulomatous inflammatory lesion caused by a blockage; nearly impossible to differentiate from hordeolum clinically

Front 21

internal hordeolum

Back 21

abscess caused by an acute Staph. infection of meibomian gland; nearly impossible to differentiate from chalazion clinically

Front 22

external hordeolum

Back 22

stye; acute Staph. infection of eyelash follicle and adjacent glands of Zeis or Moll

Front 23

Molluscum Contagiosum

Back 23

wart-like, umbilicated (dimpled) growths caused by a pox virus

Front 24

xanthelasma

Back 24

yellowish bump/plaque (benign) resulting from buildup of cholesterol/lipids under the skin

Front 25

milia

Back 25

plugged sebaceous glands (cysts); whiteheads

Front 26

seborrheic keratosis

Back 26

a.k.a. senile verruca; basal cell papilloma

Front 27

actinic keratitis/keratosis

Back 27

a.k.a. solar/senile keratosis; scab-like lesions resulting from sunburn; most common premalignant skin lesion

Front 28

cutaneous horn

Back 28

hyperkeratotic lesion protruding through skin like a horn caused by any number of various underlying lesions (e.g. seborrheic or actinic keratosis, basal or squamous cell carcinoma, and other epidermal tumors)

Front 29

nevus (pl. nevi)

Back 29

(nee-vuhs); freckle

Front 30

keratoacanthoma

Back 30

firm dome-shaped lesion, looks like sebaceous cyst

Front 31

strawberry nevus

Back 31

capillary hemangioma

Front 32

port wine stain

Back 32

nevus flammeus; vascular birthmark caused by dilated blood vessels

Front 33

ectropion

Back 33

outward turning of eyelids

Front 34

entropion

Back 34

inward turning of eyelids

Front 35

dermatochalasis

Back 35

redundant eyelid skin (bagginess) in elderly

Front 36

blepharochalasis

Back 36

recurrent episodes of non-pitting edema stretch eyelid skin which becomes redundant (baggy)

Front 37

myokymia

Back 37

eyelid twitching

Front 38

essential blepharospasm

Back 38

bilateral involuntary eyelid closure due to contraction of orbicularis oculi

Front 39

lamina fusca

Back 39

inner layer of sclera

Front 40

deep vascular plexus

Back 40

deepest vascular layer covering ant. sclera

Front 41

scleromalacia perforans

Back 41

ant. necrotizing scleritis without inflammation

Front 42

staphyloma

Back 42

bulge due to protrusion of sclera or cornea, usually lined with uveal tissue

Front 43

senile scleral translucency

Back 43

oval, dark-grayish areas surrounded by white halo; normal with old age

Front 44

alkaptonuria

Back 44

brown-black discoloration at the insertions of horizontal recti and pigmentation of the pinnae (auricle, outer ear)

Front 45

haemochromatosis

Back 45

excess iron deposited over time -> rusty-brown discoloration

Front 46

Phtisis Bulbi

Back 46

shrunken eye and calcified sclera due to chronic, long-term, untreatable disease or improperly treated trauma

Front 47

Melanosis Oculi

Back 47

flat, dark pigment on sclera in dark-skinned people; not a concern

Front 48

Axenfeld's Loop

Back 48

normal situation in which nerve comes up then loops back, causing a small dark spot; often superior sclera

Front 49

keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)

Back 49

dry eye of any degree

Front 50

xerophthalmia

Back 50

dry eye associated with vitamin A deficiency

Front 51

xerosis

Back 51

extreme dry eye, conj. scars over

Front 52

Sjogren's syndrome

Back 52

autoimmune disease often associated with dry eye; salivatory, sweat, and lacrimal glands don't function properly

Front 53

xerostomia

Back 53

dry mouth

Front 54

dysautonomia

Back 54

general term for disease or malfunction of the autonomic nervous system

Front 55

keratitis

Back 55

inflammation of the cornea

Front 56

filamentary keratitis

Back 56

keratitis presenting with fine epithelial filaments

Front 57

devitalized

Back 57

dead/dying (epithelial cells)

Front 58

tarsorrhaphy

Back 58

Sx in which eyelids are partially sewn together to reduce the size of the palpebral fissure

Front 59

hemangioma

Back 59

abnormal buildup of blood vessels in the skin or internal organs

Front 60

keratosis

Back 60

growth of keratin on the skin

Front 61

nevus flammeus

Back 61

port wine stain; vascular birthmark caused by dilated blood vessels

Front 62

telangiectasia

Back 62

dilated superficial blood vessels

Front 63

scurf

Back 63

scaly or shredded dry skin (e.g. dandruff); scales, oily debris, and greasy material along the lash shaft as a result of meibomian hypersecretion; characteristic of seborrhea

Front 64

collarette

Back 64

ringlike formation around the eyelash in blepharitis; indicate Staph. infection; carried away from lid margins as lash grows

Front 65

tylosis

Back 65

thickening and distortion of the lid margin

Front 66

catarrh

Back 66

(adj. catarrhal); inflammation of mucous membranes, esp. of the nose and throat

Front 67

meibum

Back 67

meibomian gland secretion

Front 68

sebum

Back 68

oily sebaceous gland secretion

Front 69

seborrhea

Back 69

excessive sebum secretion

Front 70

acne rosacea

Back 70

relatively common chronic dermatosis characterized by persistent erythema, telangiectasis, papules, pustules, and sebaceous gland hypertrophy, predominantly affecting the forehead, cheeks, and nose; frequently accompanies meibomian gland dysfunction

Front 71

sleeve

Back 71

tube of material around lash shaft, product of mites (normally present)

Front 72

phlyctenulosis

Back 72

nodular inflammation of peri-limbal tissues caused by endogenous toxin; occurs 2° to an allergic hypersensitivity response of the cornea; associated with blepharitis

Front 73

sympathetic ophthalmia

Back 73

rare, bilateral granulomatous uveitis that occurs after surgical or accidental trauma to one eye

Front 74

Hutchinson’s sign/rule

Back 74

skin lesions on tips and side of nose due to herpes zoster; strong predictor of ocular involvement

Front 75

hyperesthesia

Back 75

increased sensitivity to stimulation, particularly to touch

Front 76

skin tag / polyp

Back 76

squamous papilloma

Front 77

dacryocystotomy

Back 77

incision of lacrimal sac and/or duct

Front 78

actinic

Back 78

chemical action produced by light beyond the violet end of the spectrum

Front 79

(lacrimal) caruncle

Back 79

red eminence at the medial canthus

Front 80

sessile

Back 80

attached directly by a broad base, not raised upon a stalk (peduncle)

Front 81

peduncle

Back 81

stalk

Front 82

symblepharon

Back 82

adhesion of eyelid to eyeball

Front 83

congenital alacrima

Back 83

primarily absent or hypoplastic lacrimal glands

Front 84

DES

Back 84

dry eye syndrome

Front 85

SSTD

Back 85

Sjogren's syndrome tear deficiency

Front 86

NSTD

Back 86

Non-Sjogren's tear deficiency

Front 87

paradoxical epiphora

Back 87

epiphora resulting from reflex tearing in dry eye

Front 88

inspissation

Back 88

thickened, dried, or made less fluid by evaporation

Front 89

Bell's phenomenon

Back 89

normal defense reflex present in ~75% of the population, resulting in elevation of the globes when blinking or threatened; present behind forcibly closed lids in most healthy people; should not be regarded as a pathognomonic sign

Front 90

epiphora

Back 90

excess tears, sometimes overflowing onto the face, usually resulting from inadequate drainage

Front 91

injection

Back 91

redness of the conjunctiva; syn. hyperemia (also used for non-conj tissues)

Front 92

hyperemia

Back 92

redness

Front 93

chemosis

Back 93

conjunctival edema

Front 94

fomite

Back 94

inanimate object that acts as a vector for a infectious organism

Front 95

rhinophyma

Back 95

large, bulb-shaped, red nose, thought to be a severe form of rosacea

Front 96

SEI (term)

Back 96

subepithelial infiltrates (abbrev.)

Front 97

EKC (term)

Back 97

epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (abbrev.)

Front 98

PEK (term)

Back 98

punctate epithelial keratitis (abbrev.)

Front 99

urticaria

Back 99

hives; raised, often itchy, red welts on the surface of the skin

Front 100

transudate

Back 100

fluid that has passed through a membrane (typically vascular) which filters out much of the protein and cellular elements to yield a watery solution, caused by disturbances of hydrostatic or colloid osmotic pressure

Front 101

exudate

Back 101

fluid with high protein and cellular debris content which has escaped from blood vessels and deposited in nearby tissue, usually a result of inflammation

Front 102

PCF (term)

Back 102

pharyngoconjunctival fever (abbrev.)

Front 103

DZ (term)

Back 103

disease (abbreviation)

Front 104

disciform keratitis

Back 104

form of endotheliitis; stromal edema 2° to endothelial DZ; large disc-shaped infiltration of stroma, seen in virus infections, esp. herpetic (follows dendritic keratitis)

Front 105

interstitial keratitis

Back 105

inflammation of the mid-stroma of the cornea, usually due to syphilis

Front 106

papillae

Back 106

bumps formed by inflamed, leaking blood vessels; indicative of bacterial infection or allergic reaction

Front 107

follicles

Back 107

bumps formed by focal hypertrophies of lymphoid tissue under conjunctiva proper; indicative of viral infection

Front 108

TRIC (term)

Back 108

trachoma inclusive conjunctivitis (abbrev.)

Front 109

Arlt's line

Back 109

horizontal linear scarring on superior palpebral conjunctiva; classical sign of trachoma

Front 110

dellen

Back 110

depression/excavation in cornea or sclera (thinning), usually near the limbus, due to local dehydration of the stroma, resulting in compression of its lamellae

Front 111

vernal

Back 111

Spring

Front 112

Tranta's dots

Back 112

superficial, small, white, chalky concretions (calcified eosinophils) in areas of upper limbal thickenings; seen in vernal conjunctivitis

Front 113

medicamentosa

Back 113

self-medicating with Visine and other medications leads to exacerbation of S/S

Front 114

Valsalva's maneuver

Back 114

straining (lifting, vomiting, coughing, bowel movements) while not breathing properly, causes an increase in pressure

Front 115

dyscrasia

Back 115

an abnormal bodily condition, especially of the blood

Front 116

PEE (term)

Back 116

punctate epithelial erosions (abbrev.)

Front 117

SPK (term)

Back 117

superficial punctate keratitis (abbrev.)

Front 118

PSI (term)

Back 118

punctate subepithelial infiltrates (abbrev.)

Front 119

phlyctenule

Back 119

small, pinkish-white ulcerated nodule with surrounding sector hyperemia, usually limbal conjunctiva, can progress into cornea

Front 120

corneal filaments

Back 120

mucin and dead epithelial cells which move with blinking

Front 121

SLK (term)

Back 121

superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (abbrev.)

Front 122

ulcer

Back 122

infiltrate with overlying epithelial erosion/damage (staining)

Front 123

lucid interval

Back 123

clear area between infiltrate and limbus

Front 124

metaherpetic disease

Back 124

recurrent herpes attacks destroy epithelial BM => recurrent corneal erosions

Front 125

prodrome/prodromal

Back 125

early symptom indicating the onset of an attack or a disease

Front 126

nummular

Back 126

circular or oval-shaped

Front 127

neurotrophic keratitis

Back 127

keratitis resulting from decreased nutrition due to impairment of CN V; causes severe KCS and loss of corneal sensitivity

Front 128

"Great Mimicker"

Back 128

Herpes Zoster - can develop any eye problem 2° to HZ

Front 129

excoriate

Back 129

abrade

Front 130

lichenified

Back 130

thick and leathery skin

Front 131

concretions

Back 131

lithiasis; small, white to yellow nodules superficially buried within and beneath the palpebral conjunctiva

Front 132

ABX (term

Back 132

antibiotics (abbrev.)

Front 133

involutional

Back 133

progressive degeneration occurring naturally with age, resulting in shriveling of organs or tissues

Front 134

cryptophthalmos

Back 134

absence of cornea

Front 135

cornea plana

Back 135

flat cornea, ~29-30D instead of 43-44D, inherited (dominant or recessive), usually in association with sclerocornea or microcornea

Front 136

microcornea

Back 136

cornea with a diameter < 10mm

Front 137

megalocornea

Back 137

cornea with a diameter > 13mm, sex linked (90%), high myopia & astigmatism

Front 138

sclerocornea

Back 138

tissue destined to become stroma becomes sclera instead, can involve peripheral (circumferential) or entire cornea

Front 139

corectopia

Back 139

displaced pupil

Front 140

buphthalmos

Back 140

congenital glaucoma due to narrow angle, causes enlargement of the eye

Front 141

pseudopolycoria

Back 141

full-thickness colobomas of the iris which may appear to be multiple pupils

Front 142

brachydactyly

Back 142

shortness of the fingers and toes

Front 143

bull neck

Back 143

heavy, thick neck caused by hypertrophied muscles or enlarged cervical lymph nodes

Front 144

choristoma

Back 144

mass of histologically normal tissue in an abnormal location

Front 145

chelating agent

Back 145

binds metals (e.g. Ca++) and pulls them out of tissues

Front 146

keratoplasty

Back 146

corneal transplant or grafting

Front 147

reticulated

Back 147

resembling or forming a net or network

Front 148

amyloid

Back 148

defective collagen-like protein, present in Alzheimer's

Front 149

filiform

Back 149

having the form of or resembling a thread or filament

Front 150

annular

Back 150

shaped like or forming a ring

Front 151

excrescence

Back 151

an outgrowth or enlargement, especially an abnormal one

Front 152

bulla (pl. bullae)

Back 152

blister > 5mm (1cm?) in diameter with thin walls and full of fluid; occur in Fuch's dystrophy

Front 153

neurotrophic

Back 153

relating to the influence of nerves on the nutrition of tissue

Front 154

descemetocele

Back 154

hernia of Descemet's membrane

Front 155

pathognomonic

Back 155

sign or symptom that is highly characteristic of a disease, often enough that a Dx can be made based on it

Front 156

sequelae

Back 156

pathological condition resulting from a disease

Front 157

atopic

Back 157

hypersensitivity (genetically predisposed) to common environmental allergens

Front 158

SPE (term)

Back 158

superficial punctate erosion (abbrev.)

Front 159

marginal

Back 159

at the limbus

Front 160

terminal end-bulbs

Back 160

round tips/leading edges of herpes dendritic branches, stain with RB/LG

Front 161

geographic

Back 161

shaped like a continent

Front 162

eczema

Back 162

atopic dermatitis

Front 163

shield ulcer

Back 163

abrasion; non-infected, therefore not true ulcer, seen in hypersensitivity/allergic reactions

Front 164

pannus/micropannus

Back 164

neovascularization surrounded by whitish opacity (like a leaf held up to the light); seen in hypersensitivity/allergic reactions

Front 165

corneal dystrophy

Back 165

developmental & frequently hereditary change in tissue due to faulty nutrition; starts centrally at young age w/ early & progressive ↓VA; non-inflammatory, bilateral, equal sex distribution, can affect all layers

Front 166

toxon

Back 166

bow-shaped

Front 167

Herbert's pits

Back 167

small depressions left by conjunctival follicles, pathognomonic of trachoma

Front 168

luetic

Back 168

relating to syphilis, caused by it, or suffering from it

Front 169

Kayser-Fleischer ring (Fleischer ring)

Back 169

ring of Fe around base of cone in keratoconus

Front 170

umbilicated

Back 170

dimpled, as seen in Molluscum Contagiosum

Front 171

verruca (pl. verrucae)

Back 171

warts; viral in nature

Front 172

avellino

Back 172

combined granular-lattice corneal stromal dystrophy

Front 173

iatrogenic

Back 173

resulting from the activity of a physician; caused by treatment or diagnostic procedures