Ant 356 Vocab

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Evolution

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change in the gene pool of a population from generation to generation by such processes as mutation, natural selection, and genetic drift

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Evolutionary forces (4)

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Mutation. The mutation that lead to lactose tolerance was culturally influenced by herding practices.

Gene flow. This is obvious, as people move from one population to another.

Genetic drift. " Founder effect " A statistically like group that varies from the population genotype settles in a new area and the population gene pool now is representative of the emigrants, not the parent population.

Natural selection. Can be modified by letting the less fit breed.

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natural selection

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the evolotionary process that leads to higher fitness in some individuals and lower fitness in others under particular condition; depends on genetic variation within a population or species to operate.

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Sexual selection

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A form of natural selection acting on variation in the ability of individuals to compete with others of their own sex and to attract members of the opposite sex.

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Inclusive fitness

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the sum of an individual's fitness and the fitness of all the individuals relatives, weighted by their degree of relatedness

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/kin selection.

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A form of natural selection in which an individual's fitness is influenced by the fitness of his or her relatives because kin share a proportion of their genes.

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Altruism (reciprocal altruism)

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behaviors that are costly to the actors fitness and beneficial to the fitness of the recipient and reciprocated by the recipient

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Garde

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A step or degree in any series, rank, quality, order; relative position or standing

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Clade

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A taxonomic group including all species that share a common ancestor.

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Phyogeny

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Evolutionary relationships of species to one another

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Taxonomy

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the science dealing with the description, identification, naming, and classification of organisms.

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Taxonomic categories

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1) Order, 2) suborder, 3) infra-order, 4) Super family, 5) Family, 6) genus, 7) Species

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Haplorhini

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The tarsiers, new world monkeys, old world monkeys, and hominoids.

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Strepsirhini

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the lemurs and lorises

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Dental formulae

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the number of each tooth type in one-quarter of the mouth.

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dental comb

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upper incisors are peglike, one or the other pair often being absent; in the lower jaw, the incisors show a peculiar conformation that has been likened structurally and functionally to a comb. This dental comb is composed of the lower canines and lower incisors compressed from side to side and slanted forward; the most specialized dental combs—seen, for example, in the fork-crowned lemur

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brachiators

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organism whose locomotor system involves arm-over-arm propulsions

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quadrupeds

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a locomotory style that involves the use of all four limbs.

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terrestrial

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living on the ground-baboons of narobi

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arboreal

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tree-dwelling, howler monkeys , new world monekys

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Quadrumanous

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a locomotory style that involves the use of all four limbs; usually associated with slow, deliberate climbing.

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Folivore

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An eater of non reproductive parts of plants (leaves, stems, bark, etc) at least 50% of diet

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frugivore

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An eater of fruit. at least 50% of the diet

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faunavore

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and eater of animal tissue, from that of insects to mammals

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Secondary compounds

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Thousands of compounds produced by plants that affect the digestibility, palability, and toxicity of the plants.

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high food quality

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those that are rich in easily digestable energy and protien

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Low quality diet

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Diets that are poor in enery and protien

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Caecum

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any structure or part that ends in a blind sac or pouch, esp the pouch that marks the beginning of the large intestine

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Eco tourism

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a brand of tourism that provides oppurtunities for visitors to see wildlife and habitats; developed in many parts of the world to help bring income into conservation projects.

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Sustainable forest managemnet

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The process of harvesting trees or other products of the forest, without destroying habitat

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operational sex ratio

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Used to assess levels of reproductive competetion; the OSR takes into account both the number of potential breeding males and females and the amount of time that individuals of both sexes are reproductivley active.

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reproductive skew

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the degree of variance in reproductive success among same-sexed individuals

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interbirth interval

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the time interval between successive births; in primates, it is measured in months or years

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estrous

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pertaining to the period of heightened sexual activiy and receptivity exhibited by FEMALE mammals, usually around the time of ovulation

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Consortships

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The condition of a consort a male and female who maintain an exclusive realationship); fellowship; partnership

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developmental arrest

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a temporary or permanent cessation of development

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polyandry

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a mating system whereby on reproductie female mates with two or more males

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polygyny

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a mating system in whereby one male mates with two or more different females