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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the order of food transfer through the pig?
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mouth to esophagus to stomach to the SI to the LI to the rectum
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What enzyme is in saliva that helps break down food before it gets to the stomach?
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amylase
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What 4 things does the stomach secrete to aid digestion?
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HCL, mucus, pepsin, gastrin
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What is the sphincter valve? What does it do? Where is it?
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at the junction of stomach and esophagus. It prevents feed from coming up the esophagus when stomach contractions occur
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What is chyme?
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mixed food that comes from the stomach
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Where is the most important place for digestion and absorption? What are ready for absorption?
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the SI. AA, fatty acids, monosaccharides.
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What are the two types of absorption?
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passive = diffusion
active = molec. are engulfed by SI wall cells and then transported to bloodstream |
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What does the large intestine do?
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absorbs water and makes feces
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What does the reticulum's function?
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it interacts with the rumen to help mixing process. Provides additional area for fermentation
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What is the rumen?
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it is a fermentation vat where microbes break down roughages to obtain nutrients for them.
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What is the omasum? What is another word for it?
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a place for water removal or absorption -- manypiles
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What is the abomasum? What is it parallel to in monogastric animals?
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the "true" stomach.
stomach |
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What are starch, protein, and fats broken down to in the SI?
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starch to glucose (primary source of energy)
protein to amino acids fats to 3 fatty acids and glycerol |
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What are concentrates?
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a high (concentrated) diet that is high in grain (corn, etc). They are high in energy, low in fiber and easy to digest
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What are roughages?
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a high fibrous diet. feeds like hay. usually NO or little grain. They are high in fiber, low in energy and not very easy to digest
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What are Volatile Fatty Acids? Are they water soluble? What are the three different individual types of them?
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microbes break down glucose to VFAs. They are the microbes waste product, but the animals major source of energy. They are water soluble.
Acetic Acid Propionic Acid Butyric Acid |
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Is glucose absorbed by the rumenent?
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Not usually -- the microbes break glucose down.
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What is protein broken down into? What is that product broken down into?
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Amino Acids
carbon skeletons and NH3 |
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What happens when a cow is rumenating?
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chewing their cud! (they regiritate it and chew it up more so that the food is broken down more)
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What is a cecum in a horse? What is it equal to in a cow?
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a microbal fermentation vat. equal to a cow's rumen.
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Why is a horse not able to absorb [most of the] the microbe protein?
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because it is formed in the cecum, which is after the SI where digestion and absorption occurs.
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What does the stomach secrete to aid digestion?
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HCl, mucus, pepsin, gastrin
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What does pepsin do?
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in the stomach, breaks proteins down into polypeptides
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What is the duodenum?
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the portion of the SI that the stomach empties into
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What is the pyloric sphincter's function? Where is it?
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at junction of stomach and duodenum. It prevents feed from moving into or out of stomach.
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following milk let down, new milk synthesis is stimulated by:
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prolactin
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Carbs are digested to
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glucose
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proteins are digested to
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amino acids
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vitamins are broken down into two classifications:
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water
fat soluble |
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minerals are broken into two classifications:
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macro
micro |
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proteins are digested to
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amino acids
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What hormone stimulates milk let down?
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oxytocin
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pig - where does protein digestion occur?
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in the small intestine
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pig - where does starch digestion occur?
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in the small intestine
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pig - where does cellulose digestion occur?
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its not digested
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horse - where does protein digestion occur?
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small intestine
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horse - where does starch digestion occur?
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small intestine
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horse - where does cellulose digestion occur?
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in the cecum
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cow - where does starch digestion occur?
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rumen
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cow - where are VFA absorbed?
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small intestine
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What are the % for fat, protein, lactose and solids in a cow's milk?
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fat 3.6
protein 3.3 lactose 4.6 solids 12.5 |
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What is an ewe's % milk fat?
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5.4%
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What is a sow's milk fat?
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6.8%
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What is a mare's milkfat?
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1.3%
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