Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are ANS drugs used for?
|
They stimulate or inhibit target organs of the autonomic nervous system.
|
|
|
How do ANS drugs work?
|
They impact the autonomic neurotransmitter that stimulates a specific organ.
|
|
|
What are the 2 major mechanisms of ANS drugs?
|
1. Drugs that prevent the normal destruction or reuptake of the neurotransmitter.
2. Drugs that bind to the receptor site on the postsynaptic neuron. |
|
|
If a neurotransmitter stays in the synaptic cleft longer, will it stimulate or inhibit the autonomic nervous system?
|
Stimulate it.
|
|
|
If a drug binds to a postsynaptic receptor and stimulates the nerve, will the autonomic function increase or decrease?
|
Increase.
|
|
|
If a drug binds to a postsynaptic receptor, prohibiting the neurotransmitter to bind to it, will the autonomic functions increase or decrease?
|
Decrease.
|
|
|
What are the 2 primary neurotransmitters of the ANS?
|
1. Norepinephrine
2. Acetylcholine |
|
|
What kind of receptors is norepinephrine released to?
|
Adrenergic.
|
|
|
What kind of receptors is acetylcholine released to?
|
Cholinergic
|
|
|
What is the difference between adrenergic and cholinergic?
|
Andrenergic relates to adrenaline and cholinergic relates to acetylcholine.
|
|
|
What effects do both adrenergic agonists and cholinergic blockers have?
|
They both increase the heart rate and dilate the pupils.
|
|
|
What effects do both cholinergic agenst and adrenergic blockers have?
|
They slow the heart rate and constrict the pupils.
|
|
|
What type of drug is a sympathomimetics?
|
An agonist.
|
|
|
What type of drug is a sympatholytic?
|
An antagonist.
|
|
|
Which receptor does albuterol effect and what is its mechanism of action?
|
Beta2
Bronchodilation for asthma. |
|
|
Which receptor does dopamine effect and what is its mechanism of action?
|
Alpha1 and Beta1
Vasoconstriction and increased contractility of the heart for shock. |
|
|
Which receptor does dobutamine effect and what is its mechanism of action?
|
Beta1
Increased heart rate (cardiac stimulant) for shock. |
|
|
Which receptor does epinephrine effect and what is its mechanism of action?
|
Alpha and Beta
Bronchodilation, increase HR, and vasoconstriction for asthma and cardiac arrest. |
|
|
Which receptor does slameterol effect and what is its mechanism of action?
|
Beta2
Decongestant and bronchodilation for asthma. |
|
|
Which receptor does ritodrine effect and what is its mechanism of action?
|
Beta2
Relaxation of uterine contractions for premature labor. |
|
|
Which medication effects all four alpha and beta receptors?
|
Epinephrine.
|
|
|
Why are chatecholamines given parenterally?
|
They have a short duration of action.
|
|
|
How do andrenergic blocking agents work?
|
They work by directly blocking either alpha or beta andrenergic receptors.
|
|
|
For what are andrenergic blocking agents primarily used for?
|
Hypertension.
|
|
|
What adrenergic blocker can patients with COPD take and not risk exacerbating the COPD?
|
atenolol (Tenomin).
|
|
|
Which adrenergic blocker is use prophylactly for migraines?
|
propanalol (Inderal).
|
|
|
Which andrenergic blocker is used for heart failure and hypertension?
|
carvedilol (Coreg).
|
|
|
Why should beta blockers not be discontinued suddenly?
|
It can cause "rebound hypertension".
|
|
|
What must be checked before administering a beta blocker?
|
The apical heart rate.
|
|
|
Why is adrenergic antagonists given at bedtime?
|
To lessen the effects of dizzienss and drowsiness.
|
|
|
What do cholinergic agenst activate?
|
The parasympathetic nervous system.
|
|
|
What enzyme destroys naturally occurring acetylcholine?
|
Acetylcholinesterase.
|
|
|
What is the most common use for indirect acting cholinesterase inhibitors?
|
Myasthenia Gravis and Alzheimer's.
|
|
|
Why is it that direct acting cholinesterase inhibitors cannot be given IM or IV?
|
A severe cholinergic reaction can occur.
|
|
|
When referring to cholinesterase inhibitors, what does sludge mean?
|
Salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, gastrointestinal distress, and emesis.
|
|
|
What medication would be given as an antidote for an overdose of a cholinergic?
|
Atropine.
|
|
|
What conditions would contraindicate use of a cholinesterase inhibitor?
|
Obstruction of gastrointestinal and urinary systems, asthma, bradycardia, hypotension, and Parkinson's disease.
|
|
|
Which type of drugs inhibit the parasympathetic nerve impulses?
|
Anticholinergics.
|
|
|
Which anticholinergic is delivered via aerosol spray?
|
Ipratropium.
|
|
|
Which type of drugs cause inability to ejaculate?
|
Adrenergic blocking whereas cholinergic blocking drugs cause inability to have an erection.
|
|
|
Which effects do ephedra inhibit?
|
Adrenergic agonist and cholinergic agents.
|
|
|
If taking an alpha adrenergic blocking agent, which herbal should be avoided?
|
Saw palmetto.
|
