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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sympathetic
Origins, synapses, branching |
1. Sympathetic – thoracolumbar outflow. Preganglionic Intermediolateral columns spinal cord → synapse ganglion cells in 22 pairs paravertebral sympathetic ganglia. Each preganglionic synapses w/ 20-10K sympathetic ganglion via collateral fibers
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Parasympathetic
Origins (including CN), synapses |
Parasympathetic – craniosacral outflow. Arrise CN3,7,9,10 & sacral part of spinal cord. Preganglionic synapse near effetor organ.
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Enteric
Origin, Extrinsic control |
Enteric – intrinsic to the GI. Collection is in myenteric (betw. Muscle) & submucosal. Under some extrinsic symp/parasymp activity.
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Sympathetic/Parasympathetic Effect (table)
pupil heart most arterioles salivary gland lacrimal gland GI smooth muscle Bronchial muscle Spleen Capsule |
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Single Innervation sympathetic have 2 functions
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Sympathetic activation vessels = vasoconstriction. Turn it off and vessels vasodilate (forces from BP). Possibly then a certain tone is maintained.
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3 types NT and sites of action
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Mech. of inactivation for
Ach NE |
Ach inactivation = acetylcholinesterase (takes only milliseconds)
NE inactivation = 1.reuptake 2.MAO (mitochondria) 3.COMT 4.diffusion NE out of cleft |
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2 types adrenergic receptors
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NT = NE and hormone = Epi
Alpha – gen. excitatory except gut Beta – gen. inhibitory except heart |
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Origin/Site of release Epinephrine
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Chromaffin cells in Adrenal medulla (symp. pregangl innervation via greater splanchic n.) (stim = EPI release)
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Sympath/Parasympath NT & receptors for changing heart rate
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Sympathetic stim → NE released post-ganglionic → β adrenergic receptor stimu → ↑HR & F contraction = ↑↑CO
Parasympathetic stim. → Stim travels down vagal fiber → Ganglion in heart where Ach is release → Muscarinic receptors in AV/SA nodes stim = inhibition conduction → ↓HR |
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Sympath/Parasympath effects on pupil size
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Sympathetic stim → ↑ pupil size & ciliary muscle relaxed & lens flattens for distant vision
Parasympathetic stim → ↓pupil size & ciliary muscle contracts & lens becomes round for near vision |
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Cholinergic crisis
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Cholinergic Crisis – rx overdose, ingestion poisonous mushrooms, nerve gas.
SLUDGE Salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, gastrointestinal upset, emesis RECALL sweating is only sympathetic using Ach |
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Cholinergic antagonist SE
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SE can be predicted based on blocking Ach activity (antagonists bind receptor but no stimulus). Examples are dry mouth, dry skin, dilated pupils, tachycardia, decreased gut & bladder activity, sedation, excitation confusion.
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