Ans Drugs (Pb&t)

Front 1

Drug Name: Bethanichol
Where applicable list:

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Back 1

USES: Fix urinary bladder paralysis
MECHANISM: Direct muscarine agonist
SIDE EFFECTS: (Overdose) Signs related to muscarine excess
TOXICITY:
ANTIDOTES: Atropine (muscarine antagonist)
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS:
OTHER: Long action, resistant to degradation by ACHase

Front 2

Drug Name: Pilocarpine
Where applicable list:

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Back 2

USES: Treats glaucoma (narrow and wide angle)
MECHANISM: (Eye drops) Muscarine M3 agonist. Ciliary m. contraction (thickening of lens) and iris constriction
SIDE EFFECTS: Thick lens -> blurry far vision
TOXICITY:
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OTHER:

Front 3

Drug Name: Nicotine
Where applicable list:

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Back 3

USES: Tobacco withdraw
MECHANISM: Nicotinic receptor direct agonist. Sympathomimetic and parasympathomimetic actions
SIDE EFFECTS: Hypertension, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, nausea
TOXICITY:
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OTHER:

Front 4

Drug Name: Succinylcholine
Where applicable list:

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Back 4

USES: Depolarizing neromuscular blocking drug (induce paralysis)
MECHANISM: Lasting depolarization of NMJ >> brief period of fasculation followed by flaccid paralysis
SIDE EFFECTS: Flaccid paralysis
TOXICITY:
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OTHER:

Front 5

Drug Name: Neostigmine
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Back 5

USES: Myasthenia Gravis
MECHANISM: Reversible AchE inhibitor >> Leads to increase in Ach. >> Displaces antibodies attached to receptors
SIDE EFFECTS: Excessive cholinergic stimulation
TOXICITY:
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OTHER: Similar to Physostigimine but does not cross BBB

Front 6

Drug Name: Physotigmine
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Back 6

USES: Myasthenia Gravis
MECHANISM: Reversible AchE inhibitor >> Leads to increase in Ach. >> Displaces antibodies attached to receptors
SIDE EFFECTS: Excessive cholinergic stimulation
TOXICITY: Can cross BBB
ANTIDOTES:
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OTHER:

Front 7

Drug Name: Edrophonium
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Back 7

USES: Diagnostic testing
MECHANISM: Reversible AchE inhibitor >> Leads to increase in Ach. >> Displaces antibodies attached to receptors
SIDE EFFECTS:
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OTHER: Shortest acting AchE

Front 8

Drug Name: Organophosphates
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Back 8

USES: Nerve gas, insecticide
MECHANISM: Irreversible AchE inhibitor
SIDE EFFECTS: Drowning in your own body fluids?
TOXICITY: It's nerve gas!
ANTIDOTES: Rapid treatment with pralidoxime
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS:
OTHER:

Front 9

Drug Name: Atropine
Where applicable list:

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Back 9

USES: Cardiovascular, respiratory, urinary, GI disorders (spastic bowel, IBD)
MECHANISM: Blocks muscarinic receptors (all types) preventing activation
SIDE EFFECTS: Inhibition of parasympathetic: dry mouth, dilated pupils, tachycardia, flushed skin, delirium
TOXICITY:
ANTIDOTES: Ach muscarine agonists; physostigmine
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS:
OTHER: Most sensitive tissues: Salivary, bronchi, sweat glands

Front 10

Drug Name: Scopolamine
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Back 10

USES: Motion sickness
MECHANISM: (Patch) Muscarinic receptor antagonist
SIDE EFFECTS: None listed, but probably same as any parasympathetic inhibitors
TOXICITY:
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OTHER: Patch behind ear

Front 11

Drug Name: Pirenzepine
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Back 11

USES: Peptic ulcers
MECHANISM: Muscarinic receptor antagonist (M1 & M4)
SIDE EFFECTS: None listed, but probably same as any parasympathetic inhibitors
TOXICITY:
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OTHER: Now that we know peptic ulcers caused by bacteria, this isn't used as much

Front 12

Drug Name: Ipratropium
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Back 12

USES: COPD
MECHANISM: Muscarinic receptor antagonist
SIDE EFFECTS: None listed, but probably same as any parasympathetic inhibitors
TOXICITY:
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CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS:
OTHER: Not as good for asthma. Beta2 also good for COPD

Front 13

Drug Name: d-tubocurarine/pancuronium
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Back 13

USES: NMJ blockade during surgery
MECHANISM: Nicotinic (Nm) receptor antagonist. Results in flaccid paralysis W/O excitatory fasciculation
SIDE EFFECTS: Variable effects due to ganglionic blockade (hypotension, apnea)
TOXICITY:
ANTIDOTES: AchE inhibitors
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS:
OTHER: Long lasting agent

Front 14

Drug Name: Vecuronium or rocuronium
Where applicable list:

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Back 14

USES: NMJ blockade during surgery
MECHANISM: Nicotinic (Nm) receptor antagonist. Results in flaccid paralysis W/O excitatory fasiculations
SIDE EFFECTS: Variable effects due to ganglionic blockade (hypotension, apnea)
TOXICITY:
ANTIDOTES: AchE inhibitors
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS:
OTHER: Intermediate lasting

Front 15

Drug Name: Mivacurium
Where applicable list:

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Back 15

USES: NMJ blockade during surgery
MECHANISM: Nicotinic (Nm) receptor antagonist. Results in flaccid paralysis W/O excitatory fasiculations
SIDE EFFECTS: Variable effects due to ganglionic blockade (hypotension, apnea)
TOXICITY:
ANTIDOTES: AchE inhibitors
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS:
OTHER: Short lasting

Front 16

Drug Name: Triimethophan or Mecamylamine
Where applicable list:

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Back 16

USES: Hypertension with acute dissecting aortic aneurysms
MECHANISM: Nicotinic (Nn) receptor antagonist. Autonomic ganglia, adrenal medulla, & CNS blocker
SIDE EFFECTS: Depends on predominant tone. See Golan Table 8-2
TOXICITY:
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INTERACTIONS:
OTHER:

Front 17

Drug Name: Norepinephrine
Where applicable list:

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Back 17

USES: Shock
MECHANISM: Nonselective adrenergic agonist. (Works on A1, A2, B1, but not B2).
SIDE EFFECTS: Increases heart rate (though vagal compensates). Incr in blood pressure, & periph resistance
TOXICITY:
ANTIDOTES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS:
OTHER: NE increases shock volume but not cardiac output

Front 18

Drug Name: Epinephrine
Where applicable list:

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Back 18

USES: Acute asthma and anaphylaxis
MECHANISM: Stimulates beta1, B2 at low concentrations, A1 at high concentrations.
SIDE EFFECTS: Vasodilation and decr diastolic BP (via B2). (B2 also causes blood flow to skeletal musc, relax bronchi, incr glucose)
TOXICITY: Hyperglycemia
ANTIDOTES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS:
OTHER:

Front 19

Drug Name: Dopamine
Where applicable list:

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Back 19

USES: Low cardiac output shock w/ compromised renal function
MECHANISM: Low dose: D1 receptors in renal/mesenteric/ coronary vasc. Higher dose: B1 receptors. Highest dose: A1 receptor
SIDE EFFECTS: B1 causes positive ionotropic effects, A1 causes vasoconstriction
TOXICITY:
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CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS:
OTHER: Dopamine does not cross BBB

Front 20

Drug Name: Methoxamine
Where applicable list:

Therapeutic Uses:
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Back 20

USES: Hypotension and shock
MECHANISM: Alpha 1 agonist. Acts directly on adrenergic receptors
SIDE EFFECTS:
TOXICITY:
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OTHER:

Front 21

Drug Name: Phenylphrine
Where applicable list:

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Back 21

USES: Incr blood pressure, Mydriatic, decongestant
MECHANISM: Alpha 1 agonist. Acts directly on adrenergic receptors. Also, not metabolized by COMT.
SIDE EFFECTS: Effects of alpha 1 stimulation
TOXICITY:
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CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS:
OTHER: Does not affect lens shape. At higher doses, looses A1 selectivity and can bind A2

Front 22

Drug Name: Clonidine
Where applicable list:

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Antidotes or treatment of toxic effects:
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Back 22

USES: Antihypertensive, treat symptoms of drug withdraw
MECHANISM: Alpha 2 selective adrenergic agonist
SIDE EFFECTS: Bradycardia, dry mouth, sedation
TOXICITY:
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CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS:
OTHER:

Front 23

Drug Name: Methyldopa
Where applicable list:

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Back 23

USES: Hypertension during pregnancy
MECHANISM: Alpha 2 selective adrenergic agonist
SIDE EFFECTS: Effects of alpha 2 stimulation
TOXICITY: Liver, hemolytic anemia
ANTIDOTES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS:
OTHER: Not used as first line treatment

Front 24

Drug Name: Isoproterenol
Where applicable list:

Therapeutic Uses:
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Antidotes or treatment of toxic effects:
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Drug Interactions:
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Back 24

USES: Relives broncho-constriction
MECHANISM: Nonselective Beta agonist.
SIDE EFFECTS: Increases systolic BP; Lower peripheral vascular resistance; decrease diastolic Bp
TOXICITY: Unwanted cardiac side effects
ANTIDOTES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS:
OTHER: Supplanted by Beta-2 selective agonists; causes less hyperglycemia than epinephrine

Front 25

Drug Name: Dobutamine
Where applicable list:

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Back 25

USES: Heart failure, cardiogenic shock
MECHANISM: Relative selective B1 agonist. Can also stimulate A1 and B2 receptors. Leads to incr in contractility (rather than heart rate)
SIDE EFFECTS:
TOXICITY:
ANTIDOTES:
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OTHER:

Front 26

Drug Name: Metoproterenol
Where applicable list:

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Drug Interactions:
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Back 26

USES: Obstructive airway disease, & acute broncho spasm
MECHANISM: Beta2 agonist
SIDE EFFECTS:
TOXICITY:
ANTIDOTES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS:
OTHER:

Front 27

Drug Name: Albuterol
Where applicable list:

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Back 27

USES: Treatment of asthma
MECHANISM: Beta 2 agonist. (High affinity). Leads to bronchodilation
SIDE EFFECTS: Tachycardia @ high doses doe to non-specific actions on heart receptors
TOXICITY:
ANTIDOTES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS:
OTHER: Most common drug to treat asthma

Front 28

Drug Name: Phentolamine
Where applicable list:

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Back 28

USES: Preoperative mgmt of pheochromocytoma
MECHANISM: Nonselective Alpha antagonist (reversible). Leads to decr in blood pressure (though baroreceptor reflex incr. heart rate)
SIDE EFFECTS:
TOXICITY:
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CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS:
OTHER:

Front 29

Drug Name: Phenoxybenzamine
Where applicable list:

Therapeutic Uses:
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Antidotes or treatment of toxic effects:
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Drug Interactions:
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Back 29

USES: Preoperative mgmt of pheochromocytoma & BPH
MECHANISM: Nonselective alpha antagonist (irreversible). Inhibits NE uptake
SIDE EFFECTS:
TOXICITY:
ANTIDOTES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS:
OTHER:

Front 30

Drug Name: Prazosin
Where applicable list:

Therapeutic Uses:
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Antidotes or treatment of toxic effects:
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Drug Interactions:
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Back 30

USES: Antihypertensive
MECHANISM: Highly selective Alpha 1 antagonist. Acts on receptors in blood vessels. Smooth muscle relaxation->decr. In venous return.
SIDE EFFECTS: Reflex tachycardia; postural hypertension; syncope
TOXICITY:
ANTIDOTES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS:
OTHER:

Front 31

Drug Name: Alpha-2 antagonist
Where applicable list:

Therapeutic Uses:
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Antidotes or treatment of toxic effects:
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Back 31

USES: Used to increase insulin release
MECHANISM: Alpha-2 antagonists lead to increase in release of NE which stimulates beta-1 and alpha-1 receptors
SIDE EFFECTS:
TOXICITY:
ANTIDOTES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS:
OTHER:

Front 32

Drug Name: Beta-1 antagonists (Metoprolol, atenolol, esmolol)
Where applicable list:

Therapeutic Uses:
Mechanism of Action:
Side Effects:
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Antidotes or treatment of toxic effects:
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Drug Interactions:
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Back 32

USES: Treatment of hypertension, angina, cardiac arrhythmias
MECHANISM: Beta-1 antagonists. Esmolol has extremely short 1/2 life (used in thyroid storm)
SIDE EFFECTS:
TOXICITY:
ANTIDOTES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS:
OTHER: Metropolol prolongs life in HF/ post AMI px.

Front 33

Drug Name: Propranolol
Where applicable list:

Therapeutic Uses:
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Side Effects:
Toxicity:
Antidotes or treatment of toxic effects:
Contraindications:
Drug Interactions:
Other info:

Back 33

USES: Treatment of hypertension, angina, cardiac arrhythmias.
MECHANISM: Non-selective Beta antagonist.
SIDE EFFECTS: Blockade of B2 receptors can cause bronchoconstriction. Masking of hypoglycemia (tachycardia)
TOXICITY:
ANTIDOTES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Possibly asthma/COPD
INTERACTIONS:
OTHER: Short half life.

Front 34

Drug Name: Nadolol
Where applicable list:

Therapeutic Uses:
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Side Effects:
Toxicity:
Antidotes or treatment of toxic effects:
Contraindications:
Drug Interactions:
Other info:

Back 34

USES: Treatment of hypertension, angina, cardiac arrhythmias.
MECHANISM: Non-selective Beta antagonist.
SIDE EFFECTS: Blockade of B2 receptors can cause bronchoconstriction. Masking of hypoglycemia (tachycardia)
TOXICITY:
ANTIDOTES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS:
OTHER: Longer 1/2 life than propranolol

Front 35

Drug Name: Timolol
Where applicable list:

Therapeutic Uses:
Mechanism of Action:
Side Effects:
Toxicity:
Antidotes or treatment of toxic effects:
Contraindications:
Drug Interactions:
Other info:

Back 35

USES: Glaucoma
MECHANISM: Non-selective Beta antagonist.
SIDE EFFECTS:
TOXICITY:
ANTIDOTES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS:
OTHER: Eye drops

Front 36

Drug Name: Cocaine
Where applicable list:

Therapeutic Uses:
Mechanism of Action:
Side Effects:
Toxicity:
Antidotes or treatment of toxic effects:
Contraindications:
Drug Interactions:
Other info:

Back 36

USES: Recreation (?)
MECHANISM: Blocks reuptake of NE into synaptic terminal so it stays in cleft longer
SIDE EFFECTS:
TOXICITY:
ANTIDOTES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS:
OTHER: Similar to tricyclic antidepressants

Front 37

Drug Name: Tyramine
Where applicable list:

Therapeutic Uses:
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Antidotes or treatment of toxic effects:
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Drug Interactions:
Other info:

Back 37

USES: Found in aged food
MECHANISM: Displaces NE. Acute - Displaces NE causing spike in NE. Chronic - leads to decr in NE
SIDE EFFECTS: Acute - see NE release
TOXICITY:
ANTIDOTES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS: MAO inhibitors
OTHER:

Front 38

Drug Name: Amphetamine / Ephedrine
Where applicable list:

Therapeutic Uses:
Mechanism of Action:
Side Effects:
Toxicity:
Antidotes or treatment of toxic effects:
Contraindications:
Drug Interactions:
Other info:

Back 38

USES: Treatment of depression, lack of attention; appetite suppressor; narcolepsy
MECHANISM: Displace NE+ stimulates Alpha & Beta adrenoreceptors+Inhibits MAO
SIDE EFFECTS: Sympathetic nervous system stimulation
TOXICITY:
ANTIDOTES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS:
OTHER: