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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Epinephrine
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Class: Nonspecific adrenergic Receptors (Agonist)
MOA: Direct stimulation of α and β adrenergic receptors Indications: Emergency bronchodilation, Local vasoconstriction (D), Decreases bleeding, Increase length of analgesia, Hypotension, shock, Allergy Pharm effects: Bronchodilation, vasoconstriction Effect on dental tx (Adverse effects, Contraindicaitons, w/analgesic): Cardiac: β1 stimulation increases the work of the heart and decreases cardiac efficiency Cerebrovascular disease: Use with caution in pts with cerebrovascular disease Diabetes: Increases in circulating blood glucose from stimulation of liver glycogenolysis and glucagon secretion, Inhibition of insulin secretion Parkinson’s disease: May cause temporary worsening of symptoms Thyroid disease: Use with caution in pts w/ thyroid disease Interactions: Trycyclic antidepressants: Block reuptake and degradation of epi, leading to more cardiac adverse effects β-Blockers: non selective block β receptors in the peripheral blood vessels, epi acts as a pure α agonist and blood pressure rises selective block β1 receptors in the heart, at high doses block β2 receptors in peripheral blood vessels Upper limit: 0.04 mg total per procedure |
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Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
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Class: α sympathetic adrenergic receptor agonist
MOA: Release of Norepi from synaptic vesicle Indications: ADHD narcolepsy Pharm effects: Increased wakefulness and focus. Effect on dental tx (Adverse effects, Contraindicaitons, w/analgesic): Abuse and addiction (Schedule 2), Dyskinesia, Muscle tightness, bruxism |
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Amphetamine (Adderall)
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Class: α sympathetic adrenergic receptor agonist
MOA: Release of Norepi from synaptic vesicle Indications: ADHD narcolepsy Pharm effects: Increased wakefulness and focus. Effect on dental tx (Adverse effects, Contraindicaitons, w/analgesic): Abuse and addiction (Schedule 2), Dyskinesia, Muscle tightness, bruxism, use vasoconstrictor with caution, enhance body's response to epi. |
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Clondine (Catapres)
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Class: Presynaptic α2 adrenergic receptor agonist
MOA: Inverse agonist- binds to α2 medullary receptors in the brain which inhibit sympathetic outflow to the body and α receptors in blood vessels are inhibited Indications: Epidural injection: used with opiates to relieve the pain associated with end-stage cancer, HTN Pharm effects: Decreased vascular resistance, Decreased renal vascular resistance, Decreased heart rate, Decreased BP Effect on dental tx (Adverse effects, Contraindicaitons, w/analgesic): Dry mouth, Orthostatic hypotention |
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Albuterol (Proventil)
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Class: β2 sympathethic Adrenergic Receptors Agonist
MOA: Stimulation of β2 receptors in lungs to cause bronchodilation, Dosage form: Albuterol inhalation aerosol β2 receptors in the lungs will receive most of the drug to decrease the chance for adverse effects Indications: Asthma, COPD Pharm effects: bronchodilation Effect on dental tx (Adverse effects, Contraindicaitons, w/analgesic): Unusual taste and drying or irritation of the oropharynx (D), xerostomia |
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Terazosin (Hytrin)
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Class: α1 blocker
MOA: α1 receptor blockade leading to smooth muscle relaxation α1D subtype blockade in prostate gland Indications: HTN,Post myocardial infarction, CHF, Treatment of arrhythmias, Ischemic heart disease, Benign prostatic hyperplasia Pharm effects: Decrease arterial tone Effect on dental tx (Adverse effects, Contraindicaitons, w/analgesic): Dry mouth, Dizziness, Orthostatic hypertension |
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Metoprolol (Toprol)
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Class: β1 selective blocker
MOA: Competitive inhibitors of epinephrine and norepi at β1. Indications: HTN, Post myocardial infarction, CHF, Treatment of arrhythmias, Ischemic heart disease Pharm effects: Decrease force and rate of myocardial contraction Decrease oxygen consumption of the heart Decrease of blood pressure in hypertensive pts CO decreases HR decreases Reduction in plasma renin activity Decreases CNS sympathetic outflow Alteration in baroreceptor responsiveness Effect on dental tx (Adverse effects, Contraindicaitons, w/analgesic): Altered taste, Lichenoid rxns, Orthostatic hypertension, Enhanced pressor response to epi |
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Propranolol (Inderal)
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Class: Nonselective β blocker
MOA: Non selective competitive inhibitor of beta receptors Indications: HTN, Post myocardial infarction, CHF, Treatment of arrhythmias, Ischemic heart disease, CVD, Stage fright, Tremor, Migraine headache, Sexual aggression Pharm effects: Decrease force and rate of myocardial contraction Decrease oxygen consumption of the heart Decrease of blood pressure in hypertensive pts CO decreases HR decreases Reduction in plasma renin activity Decreases CNS sympathetic outflow Alteration in baroreceptor responsiveness Effect on dental tx (Adverse effects, Contraindicaitons, w/analgesic): Altered taste, Lichenoid rxns, Orthostatic hypertension, May enhance the pressor response to epinephrine, Hypertension and bradycardia |
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Carvedilol (Coreg)
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Class: β blocker
MOA: Antagonist at β1 and α1 receptors Indications: HTN, Post myocardial infarction, CHF, Treatment of arrhythmias, Ischemic heart disease Pharm effects: Decrease force and rate of myocardial contraction Decrease oxygen consumption of the heart Decrease of blood pressure in hypertensive pts CO decreases HR decreases Reduction in plasma renin activity Decreases CNS sympathetic outflow Alteration in baroreceptor responsiveness Effect on dental tx (Adverse effects, Contraindicaitons, w/analgesic): Postural hypotension, Periodontitis possible (mechanism unknown) |
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Tamsulosin (Flomax)
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Class: α sympathetic antagonist
MOA: Blockade of α1A and α1D adrenergic receptor subtypes found only in prostate gland Indications: Benign prostatic hyperplasia Pharm effects: Relaxation of smooth muscle in prostate and bladder neck Effect on dental tx (Adverse effects, Contraindicaitons, w/analgesic): Orthostatic hypotension |
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Tacrine (Cognex)
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Class: Cholinesterase inhibitor
MOA: Elevates acetylcholine in cerebral cortex by slowing degradation of acetylcholine. Indications: Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s disease with dimentia Pharm effects: Prolong acetylcholine half-life in the brain Effect on dental tx (Adverse effects, Contraindicaitons, w/analgesic): Contraindications: Asthma, Cardiovascular disease, Ulcer Adverse effects: Nausea, Diarrhea, Vomiting, Rhinitis, Urinary frequency, Bronchospasm, Hypotension, Arrhythmias, (parasympathetic reactions) |
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Ipratropium(Atrovent)
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Class: Anticholinergic
MOA: Blocks action of acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites in bronchial smooth muscle causing bronchodilation Indications: Asthma , COPD Pharm effects: bronchodilation Effect on dental tx (Adverse effects, Contraindicaitons, w/analgesic): Effects potentiated by antihistamines CYP2D6 inhibitors: may diminish the therapeutic effect of Codeine Severe dry mouth |
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Tiotropium(Spiriva)
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Class: Anticholinergic
MOA: Competitively and reversibly inhibits the action of acetylcholine at type 3 muscarinic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle Indications: Asthma, COPD (prolonged half life) Pharm effects: bronchodilation Effect on dental tx (Adverse effects, Contraindicaitons, w/analgesic): Effects potentiated by antihistamines CYP2D6 inhibitors: may diminish the therapeutic effect of Codeine Severe dry mouth |
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Ipratropium /albuterol (Combivent)
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Class: muscarinic antagonist, short acting beta 2 adrenergic agonist
MOA: Acetylcholine blocker at bronchial smooth muscles, Beta 2 agonist Indications: COPD for pts requiring second bronchodilator Pharm effects: bronchodilator Effect on dental tx (Adverse effects, Contraindicaitons, w/analgesic: Effects potentiated by antihistamines CYP2D6 inhibitors: may diminish the therapeutic effect of Codeine Severe dry mouth |
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Tolterodine (Detrol)
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Class: Anticholinergic
MOA: Competitive agonist of muscarinic receptors Indications: Dysuria, Urgency, incontinence Pharm effects: Antispasmodic, Contracts urinary sphincter Effect on dental tx (Adverse effects, Contraindicaitons, w/analgesic): Effects potentiated by antihistamines CYP2D6 inhibitors: may diminish the therapeutic effect of Codeine Severe dry mouth |
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Darifenacin (Enablex)
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Class: Anticholinergic
MOA: M3 selective agent limits bladder contrctions, less dry mouth and constipation Indications: Bladder overactivity Pharm effects: antispasmodic Effect on dental tx (Adverse effects, Contraindicaitons, w/analgesic): Effects potentiated by antihistamines CYP2D6 inhibitors: may diminish the therapeutic effect of Codeine Severe dry mouth |
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Varenicline (Chantix)
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Class: Partial nicotine agonist
MOA: Produces agonist activity while simultaneously preventing nicotine binding to α4β2 recpetors, Stimulates receptor-mediated activity, but at a significantly lower level than nicotine Indications: Smoking cessation Pharm effects: reduces cravings and decreases pleasurable effects of tobacco Effect on dental tx (Adverse effects, Contraindicaitons, w/analgesic): Nightmares, Psychosis, xerostomia |
