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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Bethanechol, what is it used for and what are the MOA? |
1) M agonist of ParaSNS 2) used to Tx neurogenic urinary retention 3) MOA = stimulation of detrusor muscle and relaxation of internal urethral sphincter |
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What are the adverse effects and contraindications of Bethanechol |
AE: GI upset, orthostatic hypotension, facial flushing, headache Contraindications: Asthma, peptic ulcer disease, hyperthyroidism |
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What is Opthalmic Pilocarpine, what is it used for and what is the MOA? |
1) M agonist of ParaSNS, 2) used to tx. Open Angle Glaucoma (slow AH flow in OAG so need to inc it 3) MOA = pupil constriction = inc AH Flow |
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Are there many side effects associated w/Opthalmic Pilocarpine? |
No significant SE |
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What is Oral Pilocarpine, what is it used for, and what is it's MOA? |
1) M agonist 2) Used to tx dry mouth 3) Inc Saliva production |
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What are the adverse effects of Oral Pilocarpine |
Nausea, sweating, inc urinary output, night blindness - WHY? |
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What are Neostigmines, Physostigmines, and Pyridstigmines, what are they used for, and what is their MOA? |
1) Reversible AChE Inhibitors 2) Alzheimers Disease, 3) cause buildup of ACh since most are no longer intact w/A.D. |
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What are organophosphates, carbomates, and nerve gas and what is their MOA? |
1) Quasi reversible AchE inhibitors (mostly poisons) 2) Binds to AChE receptors and doesn't unbind so ACh builds up and can't be broken down |
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What are adverse effects of Quasi Reversible AChE inhibitors? |
Bronchoconstriction, dec HR, vasodilation, dec BP, muscles contract and spasm (BAD FOR DIAPHRAGM) |
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What is used to manage organophosphate poisoning? |
1) Atropine + symptomatic/supportive care + (Atropine is a M receptor antagonist so it would block M receptors on heart/lungs) - this won't do anything for skeletal muscle b/c no 'M' receptors there so we need... 2) Pralidoxime (reactivates AChE for diaphragm |
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What is Homatropine (Opthalmic), what is it used for and what is the MOA? |
1) Anti-Muscarinic, 2) pupil dilation for eye exam, 3) blocks M receptor = pupil dilation |
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What are some adverse effects of Homatropine (Ophthalmic) |
Bad day vision d/t pupil dilation |
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What are trospium choloride, tolterodine, oxybutynin, darifenacin, & solifenacin, what are they used for and what is their MOA? |
1) Anti Muscarinic 2) Overactive bladder and urge incontinence 3) Blocks M receptors blocking urge to urinate by relaxing internal urethral sphincter & constricting detrusor muscle |
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What are side effects of Anti-muscarinincs?
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dry mouth, dry eyes, blurred near vision, photophobia (day blindness), constipation, tachycardia remember that SYMPATHETIC RESPONSE takes over w/Anti-Muscarinics! |
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What are dicyclomine and hyosycamine, what are they used for and what is their MOA? |
Anti-M, used for IBS-D & intestinal spasms, blocks M receptor and decreases GI motility |
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What are ipratropium bromide, tiortropium bromide, what are they used for and what is their MOA? |
Anti-muscarinic, used for bronchospasms from chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma. MOA= blocks M receptors = bronchodilation |
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What is atropine sulfate, what is it used for and what is its MOA? |
Anti-muscarinic, used to tx life threatening bradycardia, blocks M receptors to inc H.R. |
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What is scopolamine, what is it used for, and what is its MOA? |
Anti-muscarinic, used for motion sickness, blocks M receptors in inner ear |
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What is benzotropropine, what is it used for, and what is its MOA? |
Anti-muscarinic, used for Parkinson's disease, blocks ACh in brain to dec tremors |
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What are symptoms of anti-muscarinic (atropnine poisoning) |
Dry as a bone, red as a beat, blind as a bat, mad as a hatter, hot as a furness (no secretions, facial flush, can't focus eyes, hallucinations, fever) |
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What is Donezpil, what is it used for and what is its MOA? |
M agonist, used for Alzheimers, inc ACh |
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What are Atracrurium, Cistacrurium, Pancuronium, Rocuronium, & Vecuronium, what are they used for and what is their MOA? |
Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers, used to induce muscle relaxation (paralysis) during Sx, facilitate intubation, and endoscopic procedures (e.g. bronchoscopy). MOA = competitive antagonist of ACh at NICOTINIC receptors |
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What are side effects of NonDepolarizing Neuromuscular blockers? |
some release histamine which can lead to bronchospasm, hypotension and tachycardia |
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How would you treat side effects from non-depolarizing neuromuscular nicotinic blockers? |
Give neostigmine (acetylcholinesterase inhibitor) to inc ACh levels and counteract N block (side effects of non-dep neuromuscular nicotinic blocker = bronchospasm, hypotension, tachycardia |
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What is succinyl choline, what is it used for, and what is the MOA? |
Depolarizing N blocker, used for paralysis for Sx, to facilitate intubation, and endoscopic procedures. MOA = quickly and intensely activates Nicotinic receptors on skeletal muscle (SUPER ACh) so muscle stays depolarized (contracted) Muscle fxn only remains once drug wears off, can't reverse it |
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What are some side effects of succinyl choline? |
MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA d/t DDI w/Halothene (common anesthesia) *rare but fatal Also, genetic def in plasma cholinesterase leads to prolonged paralysis |
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What are signs and symptoms of malignant hyperthermia? |
Intense muscle contractions, very high fever, death from ventilatory failure, hyperkalemia = cardiac arrhythmia |
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What are drugs that end in STIGMINE classified as? |
Cholinergic drug; reversible ACHE E inhibitors |
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What are drugs that end in crurium and onium classified as? |
Cholinergic drugs, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker ('N' agonist) |
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What are the ANTI muscarinic drugs (i.e. drugs that are only selective for 'M' receptors and cause sympathetics to take over)? |
Homatropine (ophthalmic) Trospium chloride, Tolterodine Tartrate, Oxybutynin,Darifenacin, Solifenacin, Dicyclomine, Hyosycamine, Ipratropium Bromide,Tiotrotrium bromide, ATROPINE, SCOPOLAMINE, BENZOTROPINE |
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What is any drug that ends in NACIN classified as? |
Anti-Muscarinic |
