Ans 230- Week 5 Review

Front 1

What are enzymes?

Back 1

organic catalysts
proteins
have an optimum pH
- may end in "ase"

Front 2

Functions of the mouth

Back 2

mechanical digestion
enzymatic digestion
secretes saliva (major secretory glands)

Front 3

___= mechanical digestion; chewing and mixing particles with saliva

___ digestion is minor and involves salivary enzymes

Back 3

mastication

enzymatic

Front 4

what are the major salivary glands?

Back 4

sublingual
mandibular
parotid

Front 5

composition of saliva?

Back 5

99% water
1% everything else (mucin, inorganic salts, enzymes)
urea

Front 6

__= the carb or protein portion of saliva; a glycoprotein that gives saliva its slippery factor

Back 6

mucin

Front 7

__= part of saliva that includes sodium bicarbonate and potassium phosphate; important for buffering the rumen

Back 7

inorganic salts

Front 8

__= portion of saliva that includesalpha amylase

Back 8

enzymes

Front 9

__= portion of the saliva that is recycled from body to saliva; source of N for rumen microorganisms

Back 9

urea

Front 10

functions of saliva..

Back 10

lubricant
buffering capacity
taste
protects
some digestion
nutrients for microorganisms- in ruminants

Front 11

regions of the stomach

Back 11

pyloric
fundic
cardiac

Front 12

simple glandular stomach seen in ...

Back 12

dog and cat

Front 13

simple composite stomach ( part glandular, part non glandular) seen in...

Back 13

pig and horse

Front 14

__ region of the stomach contains mucins and bicarbonate ( to protect)

Back 14

cardiac

Front 15

__ region of the stomach is the proper gastric portion; acid secreting region that contains mucins, HCl, and pepsinogen; contains oxyntic/parietal cells and chief cells

Back 15

fundic

Front 16

__ region of the stomach contains mucins

Back 16

pyloric

Front 17

___ cells secrete HCl and intrinsic factors

Back 17

oxyntic/parietal cells

Front 18

__ cells secrete pepsinogen, activated by pepsinogen and pepsin (endopeptidase)

Back 18

chief cells

Front 19

Which of the following is not considered a primary component of the GI tract?

Back 19

pancreas

Front 20

Which animal is an omnivore

Back 20

pig

Front 21

The two main sources of enzymes important in the digestion of carbohydrates and protein in the duodenum are the

Back 21

pacreas and small intestinal cells

Front 22

Which of the following associations is FALSE?
Choose one answer. a. chief cells - HCl
b. liver - bile
c. pancreas - trypsin
d. duodenum - enterokinase

Back 22

A

Front 23

Which of the following statements is NOT true for enzymes?
Choose one answer. a. They are organic catalysts.
b. They are proteins.
c. They are changed by the reaction in which they are involved.
d. They have an optimum pH.

Back 23

C

Front 24

Which of the following is important to stimulate the first step in digestion of proteins?
Choose one answer. a. enterokinase
b. trypsinogen
c. chymotrypsin
d. procarboxypeptidase

Back 24

A

Front 25

Marks: 1 To which animal would you want to feed escape protein?
Choose one answer. a. champion race horse
b. 3 year old sow
c. lactating dairy cow
d. black labrador retriever
.

Back 25

C

Front 26

Farmer Smith decided that his lactating dairy cows would benefit from additional escape protein in their diet. What should he do?
Choose one answer. a. add urea
b. add more alfalfa
c. add some oats
d. add some fishmeal

Back 26

D

Front 27

From the following select the compartment that is the glandular portion of the stomach of a ruminant.
Choose one answer. a. rumen
b. reticulum
c. omasum
d. abomasum

Back 27

D

Front 28

There are three possible fates for the end products of fermentation in the rumen - to be eructated, to be absorbed, or to be passed on down the tract. Select from the following which end product is matched up with the WRONG fate.
Choose one answer. a. short chain fatty acids - absorbed
b. long chain fatty acids - hydrogenated then passed on down
c. microbial cells - passed on down
d. gases (ex. methane) - eructated
e. B vitamins and vitamin K - absorbed

Back 28

E

Front 29

Which of the following microorganisms make the most significant contribution to digestion in the ruminant?
Choose one answer. a. protozoa
b. fungi
c. bacteria

Back 29

C

Front 30

What is the organ that receives nutrient-rich venous blood from the GI tract?
Choose one answer. a. liver
b. kidney
c. heart
d. lungs

Back 30

A

Front 31

What are feces?
Choose one answer. a. water and undigested feed particles
b. digestive secretions
c. epithelial cells
d. bacteria
e. all of the above

Back 31

E

Front 32

Select the sequence that correctly describes the flow of most nutrients as they enter the body.
Choose one answer. a. GI tract - portal vein - vena cava - heart - liver - hepatic vein
b. GI tract - hepatic vein - liver - portal vein - vena cava - heart
c. GI tract - portal vein - liver - hepatic vein - vena cava - heart
d. Liver - portal vein - heart - GI tract - vena cava
.

Back 32

C

Front 33

Which of the following molecules is paired with its correct mechanism of absorption?
Choose one answer. a. passive diffusion - glucose
b. carrier-facilitated diffusion - amino acids
c. carrier-facilitated active transport - short chain fatty acids
d. passive diffusion - short chain fatty acids

Back 33

D

Front 34

Which mechanism of absorption is INCORRECTLY described?
Choose one answer. a. carrier-facilitated active transport - needs energy and a carrier
b. carrier facilitated diffusion - needs a carrier but no energy is needed
c. passive diffusion - needs energy but no carrier is needed
d. all of the above are correct

Back 34

C

Front 35

Secretions into duodenum from duodenum

Back 35

brunners glands- alkaline secretions; lubricates and protects cells lining the duodenum
-enterokinase- activates proteolytic enzymes

Front 36

secretions into duodenum from liver..

Back 36

bile- bile salts, phospholipids, mucins

Front 37

secretions into duodenum from pancreas

Back 37

watery component- bicarbonate
enzyme component (zymogens- proteolytic enzymes; active enzymes- lipase, alpha amylase)

Front 38

The structure of small intestines is important becuase it ...

Back 38

increases surface area for absorption

Front 39

What happens in the large intestines

Back 39

post gastric fermentation (microbial digestion and metabolism) in cecum and colon
-

Front 40

what are the end products of fermentation in the rumen and large intestine?

Back 40

VFA's

Front 41

what are feces?

Back 41

water
undigested feed particles
digestive secretions
epithelial cells inorganic salts
bacteria

Front 42

adult rumen has 4 major compartments... what are they?

Back 42

rumen
reticulum
omasum
abomasum

Front 43

__= part of the ruminant stomach that is a fermentation vat
-some end products of fermentation absorbed here such as VFA's and ammonia

Back 43

rumen

Front 44

__= participates in fermentation together with the rumen and regulates flow of digesta

Back 44

reticulum

Front 45

__= some absorption- water

Back 45

omasum

Front 46

__+ glandular portion of the stomach; same function as stomach of a simple stomached animal

Back 46

abomasum

Front 47

What is different btw the young ruminant and adult?

Back 47

rumen and reticulum and omasum less developed
-reticulur groove- closure during suckling that allows milk to bypass rumen fermentation

Front 48

what are the types of microorganisms?

Back 48

bacteria
protozoa
fungi

Front 49

___ system is a route of nutrient flow that involves epithelia cells and a splanic bed; nutrients are absorbed through the epithelial cells lining the intestine. They are absorbed into capillaries which carry nutrients to the venous system and finally to the portal vein which delivers nurtients to the liver
-nutrients then travel to the heart, lungs, back to the heart, and to the rest of the body

Back 49

vascular system

Front 50

___ system; lacteals/small vessels feed into larger vessels and eventually to the thoracic duct which empties into the vascular system

Back 50

lymphatic system