Ans 205 Study Guide Exam (Digestive)

Front 1

what are the different stages/functions of digestion?

Back 1

ingestion ( prehension/mastication)
digestion
absorption
metabolism
excretion

Front 2

Digestive tract lies within abdominal and pelvic cavities

__ peritoneum; layer of serosa that lies directly on the organ

___ peritoneum; layer of serosa that invests the abdominal wall

Back 2

visceral

parietal

Front 3

What makes horses different as far as their oral cavity?

Back 3

horses are obligate nose breathers bc they have an extended soft palate

Front 4

what are the parts of the digestive system?

Back 4

oral cavity
pharynx
esophagus
stomach ( ruminant/non-ruminant)
sm intestines
large intestines

Front 5

what are the glands/accessory glands of the digestive system?

Back 5

salivary glands
pancreas
gall bladder(horses do not have)
liver

Front 6

__= Fxn; holding, grinding, mixing food with saliva
-labia, mucocutaneous junction (corner of mouth)
- small ruminants have deeply grooved philtrium
-oral vestibule
-hard palate rostrally
-soft palate caudally

Back 6

mouth oral cavity

Front 7

Hole in the diaphragm =

Back 7

esophageal hiatus

Front 8

__= arranged in 2 dental arcades; one with mandible and other with incisive and maxillary bones

Back 8

teeth

Front 9

__= physiologic gap in each arch btw front and cheek teeth (where bit of horse bridle lies)

Back 9

diastema

Front 10

__= various types of teeth that specialize in diff aspects of prehension and mastication

Back 10

heterodonty

Front 11

__= develop a set of deciduous teeth (baby teeth) that fall out and replaced with permanent ones
-helps to estimate the age of a horse and decide what type of animal/diet etc

Back 11

diphyodont

Front 12

__= what elephants are poached for

Back 12

dentine

Front 13

__= tooth in carnivores that assist in tearing flesh; large with elaborate tubercles

Back 13

carnassial teeth

Front 14

__= teeth with a short crown separated from the root by a distinct neck
Ex: ruminant incisors

Back 14

brachyodont

Front 15

__= equine incisors and cheek teeth have a tall, straigh crown with no discernible neck

Back 15

hypsodont

Front 16

describe the dental formula for a dog

Back 16

3 incisors top/bottom
1 canine top/bottom
4 premolars top/bottom
1 carnassial top/bottom
2 molars on top/3 on bottom

Front 17

__= muscular tube extending from the pharynx to stomach
-lining of stratified squamous epithelium in the form of longitudinal folds which allow for large bolus/food to pass
-food passes due to the contraction of the esophageal muscles
-passes on the left side of the trachea ( seen easily in cattle); not dorsal once enters the thoracic cavity

Back 17

esophagus

Front 18

Folds in the stomach = ___
gastric glands lie within
-gastric pits

Back 18

gastric rugae

Front 19

what are the 2 types of stomachs in animals? examples..

Back 19

non- ruminant/simple/monogastric stomach
Ex: horse, pig, dog, cat

ruminant- sheep, cattle, goats

Front 20

__= sets of rounds muscles that control the entry/exit of food for the stomach

What are the 2 in a simple/non-ruminant stomach?

Back 20

sphincter

cardiac sphincter- btw esophagus and cardiac region of the stomach

pyloric sphincter- btw the pyloric region of the stomach and the duodenum

Front 21

what are the 4 parts of the ruminant stomach and a specific internal characteristics?

Back 21

reticulum- honeycomb appearance

rumen- short/long papillae that give the appearance of a shag carpet rug

omasum- looks like the pages of a book/bookstomach lined with papillae for grinding; folds help with sorting

abomasum- many folds, glandular

Front 22

non-ruminant stomach glands

__ glands secrete mucus

__ glands secrete mucus, HCl, and pepsinogen

___ glands secrete mucus and gastrin/gastric juice

Back 22

cardiac

gastric

pyloric

Front 23

rumination involves... ____, ___, ___, _____

Back 23

regurgitation

reinsalivation

remastication

reingestion

Front 24

__= cranial most part of the forestomach
-honeycomb
- fermentation occurs/ sorter

Back 24

reticulum

Front 25

__= short and long papillae
-divided from reticulum by a ruminoreticular fold
-almost entirely fills the left side of the abdominal cavity
-fermentation

Back 25

rumen

Front 26

___= pages of a book/bookstomach
-lined with papillae for grinding
-small particles pass to the abomasum, and larger particles go back to the reticulum
-site for water absorption and roughage compacted

Back 26

omasum

Front 27

__= true stomach
-many folds; glandular
-chemical digestion occurs here
-similar to the simple.trues stomach bc of gastric juices/regions

Back 27

abomasum

Front 28

What are the 2 forms of mvt and what does each do to the bolus?

Back 28

peristalsis- pushes the food thru the stomach
-contributes to the rumbling of an empty stomach
-how the bolus moves forward

rhythmic segmentation- breaks up and mixes food boluses
-no net forward mvt


as food moves along, circular mvt acts on bolus and squeezes; gastric juices mix in
-breaks down so better absorption and is squeezed of water

Front 29

__= site of enzymatic digestion and absorption
-long narrow tube, up to 3.5x the body length
-peristalsis and rhythmic segmentation moves food
-3 parts= duodenum, jejunum, ileum (flectures/curves determine where one starts and another ends)

Back 29

sm intestines

Front 30

__= consists of a cecum, colon, (ascending, transverse, descending), restum, anal canal
* more variation in species occurs in the _____ colon

Back 30

large intestines

ascending colon

Front 31

what are the 3 main salivary glands?

Back 31

sublingual, mandibular, parotid

parotid- exclusively makes serous saliva

the others are mixed glands

Front 32

why is the pancreas a mixed gland?

Back 32

bc it has both endocrine and exocrine functions

endocrine- insulin and glucagon

exocrine- majority of pancreatic secretions/juices
-secreted into sm intestines by the duodenum
-brings lipases, carbs, nucelases, proteolytic enzymes

cross section appears to look like an orange

Front 33

__= multiple lobes
-makes bile, emulsifies fat
-release promoted by the vagus nerve
-contains water, bile salts, bile pigments, electrolytes, cholesterol, lecithin
-cholesterol utilized to produce bile
-rhythmic release of bile into duodenum
-liver can regenerate, bile synthesis, exchange occurs, detox
-appears hexagonal
-each lobe has lobules that contain hepatocytes that surround sinusoids that feed into a central vein (portal system) --> portal vein receiving all blood enters liver and is modified by hematocytes

Back 33

liver

Front 34

__= hollow, pear shaped organ
-stores, modifies and concentrates bile
-all domestic animals have except the horse
- common bile duct/cystic duct- enters proximal duodenum

Back 34

gall bladder