Anp Diseases

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Disease

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Something that goes wrong enough for long enough to interfere with vital functions

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Environment

Back 2

Disease causing elements of the world a person lives in and their lifestyle including such things as nutrition, physical or mental trauma, chemicals or radiation, and wear and tear

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Infection

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Invasion of the body by small living like bacteria, viruses or parasites

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Genetic Factors

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Inherited tendencies that can lead to metabolic disorders, immune disorders, psychiatric disorders, and congenital disorders

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Risk factors

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Things increase the chance of a person having a specific disease.

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Pathogen

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A microorganism that causes a disease

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Pathophysiology

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The study of what goes wrong with the functioning of the body when a person has a specific disease

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Etiology

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The study of what caused the disease

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Idiopathic

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A disease that we do not know the cause of

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Incidence

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The place where a certain disease is located and how often it happens there

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Communicable

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A disease that can be spread from one person to another (is contagious)

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Transmission

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The spreading of a disease from one person to another

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Epidemic

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A lot of people with one disease in a small area

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Pandemic

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A lot of people with one disease in an entire country or world

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Endemic

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A disease that is common, but only appears in a specific area

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Acute

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A disease or stage of a disease that appears suddenly and is severe but does not last very long

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Chronic

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A disease or stage of a disease that develops slowly or lasts a long time

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Subacute

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A disease or stage of a disease that is longer but not as bad as acute and shorter but worse than chronic

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Diagnosis

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Determining what disease a person has

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Symptom

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Change in body function that can be felt by the patient but can not be detected by others, such as pain

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Sign

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A change in body function that can be detected by others, such as temperature

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Syndrome

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A grouping of signs and symptoms that allows a disease to be diagnosed

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Prognosis

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A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease

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Therapy

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A treatment for a specific disease

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Prevention

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Removing or avoiding things that cause a disease

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Sterilization

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The killing of all organisms normally achieved by extreme heat in an autoclave

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Disinfection

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The destruction of all pathogens except spores

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Antisepsis

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Pathogens are killed or prevented from multiplying. This method is safe for living tissues

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Infectious disease

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Disease caused by the invasion of the body by living things

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Parasites

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An organism that lives on or in a person and takes from them or that can only reproduce inside of them. Parasites can interfere with the functioning of the body enough to cause disease

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Infestation

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Disease caused by multi-celled parasites

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Localized

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An infection or infestation that is spread through the entire body indicated by being found in the bloodstream

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Opportunistic

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An organism that waits for a person to be weakened by something else and then takes advantage of the situation and infects or infests the person or spreads out from one location through the entire body.

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Direct transmission

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The transmission of disease by means such as touching or sneezing

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Indirect transmission

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The transmission of disease by means such as improperly handling food that is eaten by another person

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Portal of entry

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An opening through which disease causing microorganisms get into the body

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Microorganisms

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Single-celled life, the smallest living things on earth

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Normal flora

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The population of single celled organisms that live on and in the body and do no harm

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Virus

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The smallest infectious agents that are so simple that they may not be alive. They are protein shell with genetic material inside. The only way a virus can reproduce is inside of a living cell

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Fungi

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Simple plantlike organisms including yeasts and molds that can not use sunlight to make food the way green plants do. Without this ability they must feed on decomposing tissue so they break down any tissue they infect.

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Myco

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At the beginning of a word means fungus

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Protozoa

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Single-cell animal-like organisms that are found in the soil and in most bodies of water; amebas and sporozoa are two common types

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Bacteria

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Extremely primitive single celled organisms that do not have a nucleus. To survive and grow they require a warm, dark, moist place making the inside of the body ideal

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Bacilli

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Bacteria shaped like straight rods

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Cocci

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Bacteria shaped like round spheres

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Vibrio

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Bacteria with a comma shape

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Spirilla

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Bacteria shaped like corkscrews

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Spirochetes

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Bacteria coiled into flexible spirals

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Diplo

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Bacteria attached together in pairs

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Strepto

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Bacteria attached together in chains

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Staphylo

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Bacteria attached together in clusters

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Spores

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Small but very tough egg-like forms of bacteria that can withstand freezing, drying out, and sometimes even prolonged direct sunlight and then grow back into active bacteria when they are once again returned to warm, dark, moist conditions

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Rickettsia and chlamydia

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Somewhat uneasily classified as bacteria but are smaller and can only reproduce inside of living cells

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Roundworms

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Ascaris, pinworms, trichina, filaria and hookworms

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Flatworms

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Tapeworms and flukes

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Prevention

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Parasitic worms are spread by feces in the soil, some biting insects, and undercooked infested or contaminated food so wearing shoes, clothing, and repellents that protect against insect bites and proper handling and thorough cooking of food

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Public health

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Measures to control the spread of disease caused by microorganisms including food inspection, milk pasteurization, water purification, and sewage disposal

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Standard precautions

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Procedures that are always used in health care to prevent contact with any body fluid because it is assumed that all body fluids may potentially transmit disease

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Chemotherapy

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The treatment of disease with a chemical such as an antibiotic

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Antineoplastic agents

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Chemicals used to treat cancer