Ankle Complex

Front 1

what are the 3 joints of the ankle?

Back 1

1. tibiofibular
2. talocrural
3. subtalar

Front 2

motions are limited by what and resis what?

Back 2

ligaments resis side-to-side motion and rotation

Front 3

what limits motion in the frontal plane and what is that motion?

Back 3

MCL - eversion

Front 4

what limits motion in the frontal and transverse planes?

Back 4

LCL

Front 5

how many degrees of freedom does the Tibiofibular joint add to the ankle or lower leg?

Back 5

zero

Front 6

what kind of joint is the talocrural joint and how many degrees of freedom does it have?

Back 6

hinge joint
1 angular degree of freedom

Front 7

what motion does the talocrural joint perform?

Back 7

dorsiflexion/plantarflexion

Front 8

axis of rotation for dorsi/plantarflexion is in what axis?

Back 8

not purely but close to mediolateral axis of rotation

Front 9

arthrokinematics of talocrural plantarflexion in an open chain system?

Back 9

roll posterior
slide anterior

Front 10

plantarflexion is primarily limited by?

Back 10

stretch of anterior muscles

Front 11

arthrokinematics of TC plantarflexion in a closed chain system?

Back 11

posterior roll and slide

Front 12

arthrokinematics of the TC dorsiflexion in an open chain system?

Back 12

roll anterior
slide posterior

Front 13

arthrokinematics of the TC dorsiflexion in a closed chain system?

Back 13

roll and slide anteriorly

Front 14

dorsiflexion is primarily limited by?

Back 14

stretch of posterior muscles

Front 15

how many degrees of freedom does the subtalar joint have?

Back 15

1 degree

Front 16

axis of rotation for subtalar joint is where?

Back 16

~ halfway btw a vertical and an a/p axis

Front 17

primary motion of subtalar joint is?

Back 17

pronation/ supination

Front 18

pronation and supination occur around 2 axes?

Back 18

vertical = abduction/ adduction (normally a/p)

a/p = eversion/inversion

Front 19

pronation is associated with?

Back 19

abd
eversion
slight dorsiflexion

Front 20

what limits pronation?

Back 20

MCL

Front 21

supination is associated with?

Back 21

add
inversion
slight plantarflexion

Front 22

supination is limited by?

Back 22

LCL

Front 23

what is the loose and close packed position of the TC joint?

Back 23

loose = plantarflexion

close = full dorsiflexion

Front 24

what is the loose and close packed position of the ST joint?

Back 24

loose = pronation

close = full supination

Front 25

dorsiflexion and plantarflexion are influenced by knee position why?

Back 25

bc gastroc crosses knee and ankle

Front 26

what are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?

Back 26

1. gastrocnemius - 3
2. soleus - 1
3. tibialis posterior - 2
4. FDL - 2
5. FHL - 2

Front 27

better plantarflexor muscles are positioned where?

Back 27

more superficial

Front 28

what are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?

Back 28

1. gastrocnemius 3
2. soleus 1
3. tibialis posterior 2
4. FDL 2
5. FHL 2

Front 29

posterior compartment contraction causes?

Back 29

plantarflexion @ TC joint

Front 30

control of dorsiflexion during stance phase of walking involves use of?

Back 30

plantarflexors = an eccentric contraction

Front 31

push-off during late stance phase of walking uses?

Back 31

plantarflexors which is a concentric contraction

Front 32

posterior compartment contraction effects the subtalar joint by causing?

Back 32

supination

Front 33

muscles of the lateral compartment?

Back 33

1. peroneus longus 2
2. peroneus brevis 2

Front 34

contraction of the lateral compartment of the foot causes?

Back 34

pronation

2ndary = eversion around ankle

Front 35

muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

Back 35

1. tibialis anterior 2
2. EHL 2
3. EDL 2
4. peroneus tertius 2

Front 36

contraction of the anterior compartment causes?

Back 36

dorsiflexion

2ndary = pronation or supination

Front 37

which is stronger supinators or pronators?

Back 37

supinators

Front 38

why are the supinators stronger than the pronators?

Back 38

standing the line of axis is straight down through ST joint medially so pronation is generated thus supinators have to be strong to counteract so ankle doesn't collapse

Front 39

control of plantarflexion during early stance phase uses?

Back 39

anterior compartment = eccentric contraction

Front 40

throughout swing phase which compartment contracts and makes sure heel is on ground so foot doesn't slam on ground?

Back 40

anterior compartment

Front 41

knee position can influence what at the ankle?

Back 41

plantarflexion strength and dorsiflexion ROM

Front 42

flexing the knee does what to dorsiflexion ROM?

Back 42

could increase ROM

Front 43

how does bending the knee effect the gastroc?

Back 43

relaxes the gastroc making it shorter which makes it weaker so decreases plantarflexion strength but increases ROM

Front 44

ankle muscles cross how many and which joints?

Back 44

2 = TC & ST joints

Front 45

injury to the peroneal nerve effects which compartment of the leg?

Back 45

the dorsiflexors = anterior compartment

Front 46

btw dorsiflexors and plantarflexors which needs more active control to send info to the brain to control them during stance and swing phase?

Back 46

dorsiflexors

Front 47

foot drop is cause by and it's effects?

Back 47

stroke and causes loss of dorsiflexion control

Front 48

bc of foot drop you have to alter joints higher than at the ankle to control the foot from hitting the ground how do you do this?

Back 48

with more knee flexion and hip flexion