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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fluid that bathes all cells, where exchange of solutes takes place
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Extracellular fluid
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Four types of animal tissue
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Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
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Exocrine glands vs. endocrine glands
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Exocrine glands have ducts and tubes to carry secretions; endocrine glands have no ducts and secrete into interstitial fluid
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Positive feedback, example
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Intensifies original condition, ex. childbirth
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Negative feedback, example
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stops original condition, ex. sweating to bring down body heat
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How does something like stomach acid stay on free surface and not leak through between cells and under tissue?
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Tight junctions (rows of proteins) prevent fluid from leaking through
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Two types of connective tissue
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Dense and loose CT
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Loose connective tissue
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Holds organs and epithelia in place
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Dense connective tissue, what type of fibers?, example
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Keeps tissue under mechanical stress from being torn apart, irregular fibers, found in ligaments and tendons
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Four kinds of specialized connective tissue
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cartilage, blood, adipose tissue, bone tissue
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Importance of adipose tissue
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Energy reservoir
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Main function of muscles
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Contraction
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Muscle tissue(s) with striated appearance
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Cardiac, skeletal
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Function of neuron
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Make up communication lines of nervous system, sends messages
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Carcinoma
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Cancer of epithelial tissue (ex. breast, colon, lung)
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Lymphoma
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Cancer of lymph nodes and immune system
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Leukemia
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Cancer of immature blood cells
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Sarcoma
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Cancer of muscles, connective tissue (bone, blood, cartilage)
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What tissues can regenerate naturally in humans?
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Liver, blood, fingernails, etc
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Incomplete digestive system
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One opening for food to enter and wastes to leave, found in invertebrates
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Complete digestive system
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Tubular gut with 2 openings and specialized regions to process food, absorb nutrients, concentrate wastes
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How birds differ from us in digestive system
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Crop (storage), gizzard (grind up)
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Epiglottis
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flap of cartilage that covers trachea while swallowing
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Sphincter between esophagus and stomach
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Prevents stomach acid from irritating esophagus lining
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Bicarbonate
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a buffer that prevents pH in mouth from getting too acidic
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Salivary amylase
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begins chemical breakdown of food, hydrolyzes starch
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Where does protein digestion begin?
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Stomach
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Where does lipid and nucleic acid digestion begin?
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Small intestine
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Where does carb digestion begin?
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Mouth
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Functions of stomach (3)
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1. storage, mixture, 2. secrete substances for chemical breakdown, 3. control length of time food stays in stomach/small intestine
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Function of stomach acid
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converts pepsinogen to pepsin to break down proteins
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