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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Beef catte provide how many jobs in the US
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1 mil direct jobs and 2 mil related positions
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beef cattle as food
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75m people eat beef every day
6.5 bil serving of beef served in restaurants each year |
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beef cattle numbers
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top 10 producing states hold 57.94% of the cattle
texas #1 in beef cows 101.8m cattle in US |
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one steer provides ___ servings of beef
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504
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how many head in average herd
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40
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texas production
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#1 in beef cows
#2 nebraska, kansas, oklahoma 14.39% of nations totl cattle over 185,000 ranches cattlemen and farmers 129 million acres for ranching |
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how many countries have beef cattle production
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all 254 countries.
45 countries have dairy herds of 500+ |
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___% of cattle operation have less than 100 head of cattle and ___% have less than 50 head.
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25%
13% |
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Beef cattle production chart
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seedstock breeders> purebred commercial > backgrounders stockers growers > feedlots > packers processors > retailers restaurants > consumers
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cow-calf production
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cows an heifers mated to bulls
produce calf crop commercial or purebred breeders |
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commercial producers
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raise steers and heifers sold at weaning
destined to become slaughter animals |
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purebred breeders
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specialize in seedstock production
destined to be part of breeding herd produce bulls for AI purposes |
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stocker operations
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feed cattle roughages from weaning to feedlot
replacement heifers |
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feedlot production
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feed high concentrate in confinement
sold to meat processor 2 types: commercial (40k to 100k herd) and farmer-feeder (less than 1k head - accounts for %30 of feedlot cattle in US) |
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bovine spongiform encephalopathy
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mad cow disease
degeneration in the brain and spinal cord 4 year incubation period in humans called creutfield-jakobs disease first US outbreak dec 29 2003 US beef exports dropped dramatically |
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consequences of BSE
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meat and bone meal banned in 1997
remove brain and spinal cord at harvest |
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combination tattoo and ear tag
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tattoo in ear
tag in ear |
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hot or fire branding
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oldest and most permanent methods of identification
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electronic ear tag
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traces point of origin
computer reads tags can identify origin of a disease during outbreak most costlyq |
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why castrate bull
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makes them more docile
steers finish sooner bc fat disposition occurs faster carcass has more marbling prevents masculinity prevents mating |
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when to castrate bull
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any age up to 12 months, best 2-4 months
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burdissio
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crushes spermatic cord
clip one at a time bloodless no infection-prevents screwworm |
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elastrator (rubber rings)
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birth-4 months
rubber ring placed on scrotum above testes less infection, less pain higher possibility of tetanus fall off in 3-4 weeks bloodless prolonged stress |
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open wound castration
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3-4+ months
knife: jagged cut with less bleeding emasculator: holds spermatic cord to prevent further bleeding acute stress irreversible |
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why dehorn cattle
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uniformity
prevents bruising feed more conveniently can be trucked housed and fed together |
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hot iron dehorning
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3-6 weeks of age
iron heated dull red, moved in circular motion |
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barnes dehorner
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scoop out horn bud
2-6 months |
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saw dehorning
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bad
removing large horns |
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implanting cattle
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steroids into ears to increase ADG
groth increases 6-30% |
