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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hierarchy |
-compounds -cells -tissues -organs -organ system -organism |
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4 types of tissues |
1. epithelium 2. connective 3. nervous 4. muscle |
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Connective Tissue Types |
1. Fibrous - made of protein fibers (tendons & ligaments) 2. Adipose - fat tissue 0 insulation, protection, energy storage 3. Cartilage - solid, yet flexible - joints, outer ear, spine 4. Blood - liquid matrix 5. Bone - solid mineralized matrix; structural support |
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Nervous Tissue |
-composed of neurons -sense and transmit signals |
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Muscle Tissue |
-structure and movement = contractile tissue |
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3 types of muscle tissue |
1. Skeletal: attached to bone for movement of body 2. Smooth: inside hollow organs (GI, Repro); movement within 3. Cardiac: w/in the heart; movement of blood |
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Organ |
group of tissues working together to carry out a function -heart -lung -small intestine -brain -skin |
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Organ Systems |
group of organs working together to carry out a function -responsible for main bodily functions |
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List of Organ Systems |
-digestive -respiratory -urinary -reproductive -musculoskeletal -endocrine -nervous -integumentary -cardiovascular (circulatory) -lymphatic (immune) |
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Bilateral Symmetry |
-left and right halves of an animal body are essentially mirror images of each other
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Dorsal Body Cavity |
contains brain and spinal cord -cranial cavity (cranium): brain -spinal cavity (spinal canal): spinal cord
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Ventral Body Cavity |
contains most of the soft organs (viscera); divided by thin diaphragm -cranial thoracic cavity -caudal abdominopelvic cavity |
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Cranial Thoracic Cavity |
-thorax or chest -heart, lung, esophagus, blood vessels |
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Caudal Abdominopelvic Cavity |
don't have yet.... |
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directional terms: rostral |
toward the tip of the nose (head only) |
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External Environment |
-gas exchange |
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Internal Environment |
-fluid-filled spaces (aqueous) -intracellular: w/in cells = 45% BW -interstitial: between cells = 17% BW -circulatory system: blood plasma = 6% BW -body is ~60-70% fluid |
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Equilibrium |
fluid balance necessary to prevent dehydration |
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Homeostasis |
constant internal environment |
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Systems involved in homeostasis |
-circulatory: exchange of nutrients, gasses, & hormones -respiratory: urinary, digestive, muscular -nervous: makes adjustments to maintain equilibrium -endocrine: secretes substances into circulatory system for action on target organs |
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Nervous System |
-responsible for of rapid control body function -composed of central nervous system (CNS), peripheral nerves, and autonomic nerves -voluntary vs. involuntary control -CNS = brain & spinal cord |
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Autonomic Nervous System: Parasympathetic |
-rest and digest -low environmental stress = increased bodily function -urination, defecation, estrus, lactation |
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Autonomic Nervous System: Sympathetic |
-fright, flight, or fight -allow animal to cope w/adverse situations -inhibit desirable functions -high environmental stress = low bodily functions (urination, defecation, estrus, lactation) -examples: inhibit blood flow to stomach, duodenum, & pancreas; accelerate heart rate; constrict sphincters; constrict blood flow to udder |
