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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are substrate feeders?
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live in or on their food source, eating their way through the food, e.g. worms
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what are substrate feeders?
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live in or on their food source, eating their way through the food,
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what are deposit feeders?
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eat organic material in soils...earthworms
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what are fluid feeders
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suck nutient rich fluids from a living host,
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what are bulk feeders?
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eat large pieces of food in long interuals
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what does destion follow?
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ingestion
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what is digestion?
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the process of breaking food down into molecules smal enough for the body to absorb
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why is digestion necessary?
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proteins, fats and starches (polymers) are to large to passs through membranes and enter the cells
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why is digestion necessary?
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proteins, fats and starches (polymers) are to large to passs through membranes and enter the cells
the molecules from food are not the molecules that the animal needs. hence, the animal must rearrange these molecules to suit their needs |
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what does chewing and grinding of the food do?
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reduces big food particles to many small food particles
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what is enzymatic hydrolysis
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a reversal of the removal of water incovalent bonds
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what does digestion do to polymer (proteins)
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breaks polymers down to monomers (amino acids) by hydrolysis
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where does hydrolysis that palce?
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rthis enzymatic process takes place in specialized compartments, such as the astrovascular cavities through the breatching of covalent bonds by the additions of water
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what happens to food that cannot be broken down?
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feces
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t or F? is hydrolysis common to all animals/
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true
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what does the food vacuole do?
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protects the cell from the hydrolytic enzymes
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what is intracellular digestion (endocytosis composed of?
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phagocytosis or pinocytosis
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what kind of digestion do sponges utilize?
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phagocytosis or pinocytosis
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what are gastrovascular cavities?
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place where food is digested partially by enzymes
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where is digestion completed?
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inside the cell
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where is digestion completed? what process?
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inside the cell through endocytosis
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how many opening does the gastrovascular cavity have?
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one
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what is an example of a gastrovascular cavity with one opening?
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hydra and planaria
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what is an alimentary canal?
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a tube running between two openings...mouth -anus
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what is an alimentary canal?
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a tube running between two openings...mouth -anus
digestion only occurs here |
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what is an alimentary canal?
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a tube running between two openings...mouth -anus
digestion only occurs here in inverebrates and vetrebrates |
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what is peristalsis?
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contractiar of mscles to move material down--vomit is the reverse
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what are sphincter?
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valves-top of stomach ect.
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what are salivary glands?
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parotid, sublingual submandibular
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what is the pancreas
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enzyme production to small intestine and bi-carbinate
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what is the liver?
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digestion of fat, screening of foods, tokin removal
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what is the gall bladder?
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stores digestive juices
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what is the function of chewing?
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forms BOLUS which is bolus or a ball of food
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what does saliva do?
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protects the soft lining of the mouth wit glyprotein, nutralizes acid in food, adds antibacterial agents, starts to digest with amylase-which converts to glucose and shapes food into a bolus, helps with shallowing-which moves food past the trachea, the epiglottis protects the trachea
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what is the pharynx?
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the throat
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what forces the bolus down the tube and into the stomach/.
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peristalsis
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what are smoth muscles responsible for?
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peristaltic waves
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what is the cardiac sphincter//
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top of te stomach-value
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what is the stomach?
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a complex organ with 4 layers of tissues making up its walls, moves food , but no grinding
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how is digestion carried out in the stomach?
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with the addtion of gastic juice
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what is gastric juice compsed of?
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HCL (ph=2) and pepsin- pepsin is the protein for breakdown
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what does HCL do
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break down the glue that holds plant and animal cells together
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what does pepsin do?
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enzyme that hydrolyses protein. and produces polypeptides
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