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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tapetum
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Layer behind the lens that permits them better vision in low light. (pigs are the exception)
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Agonistic Behavior
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Behaviors associated with conflict. Range from passive avoidance to dominance to extreme aggression and fighting.
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Fight-Or-Flight
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Activation of the sympathetic nervous system and release of epinephrine which causes increased heart rate and blood flow to muscles, lungs, and brain.
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Fear Biting
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Fear induced aggression ... signs include: avoiding direct eye contact, head down, lips pulled back horizontally, ears flattened, tail between the legs.
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Most Dangerous Bull
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Dairy breed ... such as the Jersey and Holstein.
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Dominant body language in the dog.
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Direct stare, ears raised and angled forward. Front of body is held high and hackles are raised. Head is up and lips curled to reveal the incisor and canine teeth. Tail will be raised.
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Submissive body language in the dog.
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Lowering front end of the body. Avoiding direct eye contact. Tail between the legs. May urinate or defacate. May lie down on its side or back ... raising the legs to expose the belly.
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Ethology
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Study of animal behavior.
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The left side of the horse is known as?
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Near Side
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What is the first point of contact the handler should have with a horse?
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Withers, with a slightly outstretched arm no higher than the shoulder.
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Proper way to restrain a foal.
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One arm under under the foal's neck and the other grabs the tail and holds it straight up over the back.
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What length of rope should be used to tie a horse?
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60 cm
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Twitch
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Nerve-stimulating device used to immobilize horses.
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Suspensory Ligament
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Located immediately palmar to the third metacarpal bone.
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Squeezing what ligament will cause a horse to flex its fetlock joint?
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Suspensory ligament
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Scotch Hobble
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Means of drawing up the hind leg of a horse, usually used during castration.
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Device used to prevent the horse from moving its head laterally while allowing it to drink?
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Neck Cradle ...made of wooden slats and leather straps.
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Tailing
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Grasping the tail in the middle and twisting it forward onto the cow's back.
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Frick Speculum
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Mouth gag used in cattle for passage of orogastric tubes.
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Cattle in sternal or dorsal recumbency are less likely to __________than those in lateral recumbency when they are cast.
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Bloat
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Hog Snare
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Adjustable metal cable loop at the end of a rigid handle.
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Elizabethan Collar
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Used to keep animals from self-mutilation and tearing bandages.
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What is the main reason for tranquilization?
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Alleviate anxiety
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What is a psittacine bird's primary weapon?
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Strong beak ... also need to watch out for its sharp pointed claws.
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Why should you not restrict a birds chest?
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They inhale and exhale by mechanical chest movements.
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What are the most common passerines seen in a vets office?
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Canaries and Finches
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What is a bird of prey's most formidable weapon?
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Talons
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Never grab which rodent because its skin is easily removed?
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Gerbil
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For venipuncture, the needle should be inserted with _______ facing up?
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Bevel
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What is an arterial blood sample used to evaluate?
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Acid-base and blood gas status.
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Cystocentesis
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Percutaneous aspiration of urine from the bladder.
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Thoracocentesis
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Process of removing accumulated air or fluid from within the pleural space.
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Rapid and difficult breathing result from air or fluid accumulating in the space between the lungs and chest wall ... what is this space called?
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Pleural space
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Abdominocentesis
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Process of drawing fluid from the abdominal cavity.
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Gastrocentesis
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Inserting a large-gauge needle or metal trocar into the stomach to relieve pressure in animals with gastric dilation.
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Arthrocentesis
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Aspiration of fluid from a swollen or painful joint.
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Bone marrow aspiration is most commonly performed in patients with what conditions?
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Nonregenerative anemia, persistent thrombocytopenia, and neoplasia.
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Most frequent sites used for bone marrow aspiration?
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Iliac wing, humerus, and femur.
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Fine-needle aspiration
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Performed to collect a sample of fluid or tissue cells from a dermal or visceral mass or a lymph node.
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If an extremely rapid onset of action from a medication is needed, by what means is it given?
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Intravenous or intraosseous
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Intravenous injection route for dogs?
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Cephalic and lateral saphenous
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Intravenous injection route for cats?
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Cephalic, medial saphenous, and femoral vein.
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Four types of catheters used?
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Butterfly
OTN TTN SingleLumen & Multilumen Guide-Wire |
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Vaccine injections should be administered where?
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Subcutaneous
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Preferred site for most subcutaneous injections?
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Dorsolateral region from neck to hips
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What area should be avoided when giving vaccines ... especially felines?
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Intrascapular region
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Recommended sites for feline vaccination?
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Right front leg = Rhinotracheitis-calici-panleukopenia
Right rear leg = Rabies Left rear leg = feline leukemia |
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Deep lumbar injections in the third to fifth lumbar region are used to administer what treatment?
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Heartworm
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What drugs can be administered intranasally?
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Peritonitis, rhinotracheitis-calici-panleukopenia, bordetella bronchiseptica, and diazepam.
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Intratracheal Administration
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Used in an emergency situation like CPR to inject drugs directly into the animals trachea. Absorption by this route is extremely rapid.
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Intraosseous Administration
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Needle placed directly into the bone marrow cavity to deliver fluid, drugs, and blood products. Medications and fluids quickly enter the central circulation via intramedullary vessels in the marrow cavity.
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Enteral Feeding Tubes
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Nasoesophageal
Nasogastric Pharyngostomy Esophagostomy |
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Bovine Venipuncture
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Jugular vein
Coccygeal (tail vein) Subcutaneous Abdominal (Milk Vein) |
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Equine Venipuncture
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Jugular vein - Most Often Used
Transverse facial vein - small volumes |
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Porcine Venipuncture
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Cranial Vena Cava
External Jugular Vein Auricular Vein Orbital Sinus Tail Vein |
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Ovine & Caprine Venipuncture
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Jugular Vein - easiest
Cephalic |
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Equine
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Horse
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Porcine
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Pig
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Ovine & Caprine
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Sheep & Goat
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Bovine
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Cow
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Abdominocentesis in horses is used as a diagnostic technique for horses with?
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Peritonitis, colic, chronic diarrhea, weight loss, or fever of unknown origin.
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Intravenous Admin of Drugs
Bovine Equine Ovine & Caprine Porcine |
Jugular vein
Jugular vein Jugular vein Auricular vein |
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Intramuscular Admin of Drugs
Bovine Equine Ovine & Caprine Porcine |
Neck ... avoid gluteal
Neck & rear legs ... avoid gluteal Rear leg, triceps, neck, longissimus Cervical, or rear leg ... avoid "ham" |
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Subcutaneous Admin of Drugs
Bovine Equine Ovine & Caprine Porcine |
Lateral aspect of neck or trunk
Neck Neck or shoulder region Lateral side of neck |
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Oral Admin of Drugs
Bovine Equine Ovine & Caprine |
Balling Gun, Orogastric Intubation
Syringe Admin, Nasogastric Intubation Balling Gun, Dosing Syringe, and nasogastric intubation |
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Four phases of wound healing?
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Inflammatory
Debridement Repair Maturation |
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"Lag Phase"
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First 3 to 5 days of wound healing.
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Factors which affect wound healing?
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Host Factors
Wound Characteristics External Factors |
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Corticosteroids delay all phases of wound healing ... true or false?
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True
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Wound Management Includes?
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Immediate Wound Care
Wound Lavage Wound Debridement Wound Closure |
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Four methods of wound closure:
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Primary Closure
Delayed Primary Closure Contraction & Epithelialization Secondary Closure |
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Bandage consists of what three layers?
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Primary or contact layer
Secondary or padded conforming layer Tertiary or holding & protective layer |
