Animal Ethics

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Anesthesia

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state of lack of awareness or sensitivity, with or without loss of consciousness.

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APHIS

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Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

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AVMA

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American Veterinarian Medical Association

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AAEP

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American Association of Equine Practitioners

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Animal Enterprise Protection Act

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Includes farms, zoos, aquariums, circuses, rodeos, fairs, auctions, packing plants. Law imposes up to one year in jail for causing damage of 10,000 or more on animal enterprise; up to 10 yrs. in jail if an intruder injures a person during an attack on an animal enterprise. Or a life sentence if kills another person.

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Analgesia

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The inability to feel pain while still conscious.

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Animal Welfare

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Believes a reduced and minimal number of animals should be used in research - animals should be treated as humanely as possible which includes proper housing, disease prevention, nutrition, and human euthanasia or slaughter. Humankind has dominion over animals.

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ASPCA

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American Society for the Prevention of cruelty to animals

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AAZPA

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American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums. Abbreviation used to be AZP.

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ALF

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American Liberation Front - international underground terrorist organization, burned and destroyed tons of equipment etc.

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Animal Liberation

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Book called Animal Liberation: A new ethic for Our treatment of animals written by Peter singer. About animal rights movement.

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Draize Test

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Dr. John Draize, a scientist for the U.S. Government, standardized a scoring system of a pre-existing test for ocular irritation in 1944.

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Anthropomorphism

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The concept of ascribing human traits to animals, gods, etc.

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AWIC

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Animal Welfare Information counsel. Mandated by the AWA. Provides info to the general public. Is for the explanation for improving the animal care in research, and teaching.

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Ames Test

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is a non-animal test used to test for carcinogenicity-but is made from mouse liver cells.

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branding

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Used to identify an animal by marking them with an iron.

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Burdizzo

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Device used for castration.

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Body of Liberties

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Passed by Massachusetts Bay colony in 1641. Law did not affect animals used in research. Protected farm animals from cruel treatment.

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Claude Bernard

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Established live animal experimentation as common practice.

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Cruelty to animals act

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Passed in 1876 in England was the first in the world to regulate the use of animals in research. Reduced animal experimentation.

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DQP

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(Designated Qualified person program) people qualified to detect sored horses. Inspect assignments at various shows and sales through their USDA organization.

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De Minimis Standard

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An amount so small as to be insignificant.

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dominionists

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Individuals who believe that people can do whatever they want to animals, and that humans are the only species with rights. When this interpretation includes neglect and abuse, it is usually deemed socially unacceptable.

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euthanasia

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The humane killing of an animal by a method which produces rapid unconsciousness and subsequent death without evidence of pain or distress, or a method which utilizes anesthesia produced by an agent that cause painless loss of consciousness and subsequent death.

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Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act

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1990 Authorizes the secretary of AG. to seek an injunction of stopping a licensed entity. Issue addition regulations. Covers animals in zoos, circuses, roadside menageries, transportation of animals.

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Galen

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Greek physician used experimental surgery on animas to demonstrate that veins carried blood not air, and kidneys produced urine. Founder of experimental physiology.

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Health Research Extension Act

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(HREA) 1985 requires the NIH to create guidelines for animal use and to develop a research plan for alternatives to the use of animals.

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Humane Society of the United States

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1954 (HSUS) Animal rights activist group.

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Hermann Goering

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Ordered an end to the torture and suffering in animal experiments.

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Ethology

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The study of the behavior of animals.

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Index Medicus

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Collection of medical literature published annually, which began in the U.S. Army.

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In situ

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in original place.

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Ingrid Newkirk

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Founder and president of PETA

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Jeremy Bentham

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Utilitarian Philosopher

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inherent value

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The idea that since animals are “subjects of life” they have a value or worth that is innate. The subject of a life that is meaningful to that being is also part of the concept.

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Mg

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miligram

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LD50

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A measure of acute lethality. Rating is calculated for the dose at which one-half of the test animals can be expected to die from ingestion of the test substance.

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NIH

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(National Institutes of Health)

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Nazis

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1933 passed a set of laws regulating the slaughter of animals and banning vivisection.

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OPRR

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(office for protection research risks) Develops, monitors, and excercises compliance oversight relative to NIH policy on humane treatment of research animals. Is responsible for reviewing and approving institutional assurances.

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PETA

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(People of the Ethical treatment of animals) Animal rights activists.

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Peter Singer

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Father of the modern animal liberation movement.

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Rene Descartes

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Father of modern philosophy, defended use of animal in experiments

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Replaceability Argument

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Philosophy of activist Peter singer states “Given that an animal belongs to a species incapable of self-consciousness, it follows that it is wrong to rear and kill it for food, provided that it lives a pleasant life and, after being killed, will be replaced by another animal, which will lead a similarly pleasant life and would have not existed if the first animal has been killed.

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REAC

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(Regulatory Enforcement Animal Care) funding for adequate enforcement, along with appropriate statutes and regulations to better ensure humane care of small companion animals in breeding facilities and pet shops.

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standing

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One’s place or relative position, or one’s rank in the community. Moral standing is the status, rank, or right to do something.

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Russel & Burch

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1959 wrote Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. Described a method of minimizing necessary suffering and use of animals in labs.

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SIDS

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(Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) Unexplained loss of respiration during sleep. 1989 at Texas Tech school is where they were doing research.

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Serendipity

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Making a discovery that was unanticipated.

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Thalidomide

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Was tested on animals, yet its potential for causing birth defects went undetected. Tested on pregnant animals and it produced birth defects.

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vivisection

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Cutting into a live animal. Originally, term referred to cutting the animal without anesthesia.